技能大赛引领下高职学生技能成才的理论逻辑与实践方略

Theoretical Logic and Practical Strategy of Higher Vocational Students'Skill Development under the Guidance of Skills Competition

采用扎根理论研究方法对技能大赛获奖选手的访谈转录等资料进行编码分析,构建了由“个体特征”“政府因素”“学校因素”“成长轨迹”“发展路向”五个范畴组成的高职学生技能成才的理论模型。研究发现,在技能大赛引领下,高职学生的兴趣、志向、信念、意志等个体特征在政府和学校双重因素的影响下得到激发与维持,呈现出“生—徒—工—匠”的演化成长轨迹,最终以多样化的发展路向实现技能成才之梦。根据高职学生技能成才的理论逻辑,职业教育在实践中要充分发挥全国技能大赛的价值引领作用,构建以政府为主导、学校为主体,行业、企业深度参与,面向全体学生的人才培养选拔体系。学校与企业深度融合,通过突出重要他人、构建专业团队和优化教学策略的方式促进更多学生技能成才。政府与行业有效联动,通过完善选拔制度、创新人才政策和打造技能文化的方式促进技能人才筛选流通。

Based on the grounded theory,the interview transcription and other data of the winners of the skills competition are encoded and analyzed to find a theoretical model of higher vocational students'skills development,which consists of five categories of”individual characteristics""govermment factors""school factors""growth trajectory"and“development direction".The research finds that the individual characteristics of higher vocational students,such as interest,ambition,belief and will,are stimulated and main-tained under the influence of the dual factors of government and school,which shows vocational students present an evolutionary growth trajectory of”student-trainee-worker-artisan",and finally realize the dream of becoming a skilled person with diversified development paths under the guidance of the skills competition.According to the theoretical logic of higher vocational students'skill development,vocational education should give full play to the value leading role of the national skills competition in practice,and build a talent train-ing and selection system for all students with the government as the leading role,the school as the main body,and the industry and en-terprise as the intensive participants.The school should deeply integrate with the enterprise,and promote the skill development of more students by highlighting significant others,building professional teams and optimizing teaching strategies.The government should effec-tively collaborate with the industry,and facilitate the selection and circulation of skilled talents by improving the selection system,in-novating talent policies and fostering a skilled culture.