可逆锌-空气电池锌阳极研究进展及挑战

Research Progress and Challenges of Anode for Reversible Zinc-Air Batteries

锌-空气电池因安全性高、容量大、成本低和环境友好等特点而受到广泛关注。其中,锌-空气电池阴极双功能催化剂的设计开发取得了突破性进展。因此,锌阳极的可逆性成为决定锌-空气电池充放电性能的关键。然而,锌阳极仍面临枝晶、形变、钝化、析氢腐蚀等严重挑战,直接阻碍了可逆锌-空气电池的实际应用。为此,本文从枝晶形成、电极形变、钝化、析氢腐蚀四个方面系统介绍了锌阳极研究现状;讨论了添加剂、涂层、隔膜和充电方式对锌枝晶生长的影响;提出了电极形变的机理和常见解决方案;归纳了锌阳极发生钝化的关键因素和影响机制;分析了合金组分对析氢腐蚀的抑制。最后,基于锌阳极当前的主要研究现状,本文展望了获得稳定可逆锌阳极的多种策略及研究方向。

Zinc-air battery has attracted wide attention because of its high safety,large capacity,low cost and environmental friendliness.Among them,the design and development of cathode bifunctional catalyst for zinc-air battery has made breakthrough progress.Therefore,the reversibility of zinc anode has become the key to determine the charging and discharging performance of zinc-air battery.However,the zinc anode still faces serious challenges such as dendrite,deformation,passivation and hydrogen evolution corrosion,which directly hinders the practical application of reversible zinc-air batteries.Therefore,this paper systematically introduces the research status of zinc anode from four aspects,dendrite formation,electrode deformation,passivation and hydrogen evolution corrosion.The effects of additives,coatings,separators and charging methods on the growth of zinc dendrites are discussed.The mechanism of electrode deformation and common solutions are studied.The key factors and influencing mechanism of zinc anode passivation are summarized.The inhibition of alloy components on hydrogen evolution corrosion is analyzed.Finally,based on the current research status of zinc anode,this paper looks forward to various strategies and research directions for obtaining stable and reversible zinc anode.