美国农药使用管理制度概述

Overview of the management system for the use of pesticides in the United States

美国是世界上农药立法最早的国家之一,对农药使用建立了非常严格和完善的管理制度。美国农药使用的相关法规包括《联邦杀虫剂、杀菌剂和杀鼠剂法》《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法》等多部法规。将农药划分为一般使用、限制使用和2种使用同时存在3种分级,并将农药的使用人员分为认证施药者、私人施药者、商业施药者和维护施药者4类,对不同类别的施药者实行不同的管理要求。为进一步确保限制使用农药的安全使用,2017年美国对农药施药者认证(CPA)规则进行了修订,实行更严格的管理。

The United States is one of the earliest countries in the world to legislate on pesticides,and has established a very strict and complete management system for the use of pesticides.The relevant regulations on the use of pesticides in the United States include multiple regulations such as“the Federal Insecticide,Fungicide,and Rodenticide Act”and“the Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act”.Pesticides are divided into three grades:general use,restricted use,and both uses coexist,and the users of pesticides are divided into four categories:certified applicators,private applicators,commercial applicators,and maintenance applicators.Different management requirements are implemented for different types of applicators.To further ensure the safe use of restricted-use pesticides,in 2017,the United States revised the Certified Pesticide Applicator(CPA)rules to implement stricter management.