刑罚的报应结构

The Retributive Structure of Punishment

犯罪—刑罚的发生次序类似于个体本能反应中的刺激—反射,但又与之存在根本差异。符合群体伦理信念的刑罚能得到强化,反之则会被削弱。刑罚的设定应遵循该当性原则,符合社会公众的一般观念。犯罪与刑罚应跟随群体伦理信念调整。现代社会刑罚结构的制定权常由专门机构、社会精英行使。虽不应倒退回刑罚制定的原初阶段,但亦不能忽视刑罚的社会文化基础,否则难以取得预想的实施效果,还可能适得其反。

The sequence Crime-Punishment seems to be similar to,but fundamentally different from,the sequence Stimulus-Response in an individual reflex.Punishment that is consistent with the ethical group-conviction can reinforced,while the opposite would be weakened.Punishment should be set in accordance with a natural law of adequacy and in accordance with the socio-ethical conviction.Crime-Punishment should be adjusted to ethical groupconviction.Contemporary structure of punishment is determined by political power and special elites.The conclusion is not at all to return to the basic structure in its old form,but:acting with a regard for and an understanding of the socio-cultural basis.Otherwise it is difficult to achieve the desired effect of implementation,and may be counterproductive.