近代中国刑法共同犯罪中教唆犯之理论变迁

The Theoretical Change of Abettor in the Joint Crime of Modern Chi⁃nese Criminal Law The Theoretical Change of Abettor in the Joint Crime of Modern Chinese Criminal Law

传统中国独具特色的共同犯罪制度在清末变法修律之际开始转型,为民国初期的立法的进一步发展奠定了坚实的基础。基于此,教唆犯(古中华法系成为“造意犯”)也处于变化之中,故其在清末修律、北洋政府、南京国民政府三个时期中,有着不同的界定标准,立法与司法也呈现出断裂与融合的情况。立法层面上,共同犯罪制度逐渐废弃了传统共同犯罪中教唆犯的规定,教唆犯理论借鉴了西方先进司法理念,从而建立近代刑法意义上的教唆犯理论。司法层面上,清末修律时期采用《钦定大清刑律》,北洋政府时期采用大理院判决例、解释例,南京国民政府时期最高法院通过判决例、解释例进行补充解释,对立法关于共同犯罪中教唆犯的规定进行了变通,致力于消除司法与立法之间的断裂,积极与立法融合。

The unique common crime system of traditional China began to transform during the reform of the law and the law in the late Qing Dynasty,which laid a solid foundation for the further development of the legislation in the early Republic of China.Based on this,the abettor(the ancient Chinese law system became the“criminal”)was also in change,so the three periods of the law revision,the late Qing Dynasty,the Beiyang government and the Nanjing National government had different definition standards,and the legislation and justice also showed fracture and integration.At the legislative level,the joint crime system gradually abandons the provisions of the abettor in the traditional joint crime,and the abettor theory draws lessons from the western advanced judicial concepts,so as to establish the abettor theory in the sense of modern criminal law.Judicial level,the law of the late Qing Dynasty,the northern government period using the Dali court judgment,interpretation example,the Nanjing national government during the Supreme Court through judgment,supplementary interpretation,the legislation of the flexible,committed to eliminate the fault between the judicial and legislation,positive and legislative integration.