microRNA在非渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性氧化应激和脂质代谢中的作用

Research progress of microRNA in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)是一种与氧化应激相关的神经退行性疾病,其特征是光感受器和视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞的进行性死亡,是导致65岁以上人群不可逆中心视力丧失最常见的原因之一。microRNA(miRNA)是一类调节性短链非编码RNA,能够结合并抑制同一生物途径中的多个基因,这种独特的性质使其成为用于探索非渗出性ARMD发病机制、诊断和治疗的理想靶点。既往研究发现非渗出性ARMD的发病机制涉及年龄、遗传、环境、氧化应激、脂质代谢、自噬和免疫等多方面,但其发病机制尚未完全阐明。miRNA作为非渗出性ARMD的生物标志物在氧化应激和脂质代谢中发挥重要作用,本文总结了多种miRNA通过靶向Nrf2、HIF-1α抑制缺氧相关的血管生成信号影响氧化应激;miRNA通过调节脂蛋白的摄取、RPE和巨噬细胞中ABCA1的表达影响脂质代谢,加深了对miRNA在非渗出性ARMD氧化应激、脂质代谢方面的认识,为完善非渗出性ARMD发病机制和进一步预防提供了帮助。

Age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)is a neurodegenerative disease associated with oxidative stress.It is characterized by progressive death of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),and is one of the leading causes of irreversible loss of central vision in patients over the age of 65 years old.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a class of regulatory short-chain non-coding RNA that can bind and inhibit multiple gene targets in the same biological pathway.This unique property makes microRNA an ideal target for exploring the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of non-exudative ARMD.Previous studies have found that the pathogenesis of non-exudative ARMD involves age,genetics,environment,oxidative stress,lipid metabolism,autophagy and immunity.However,the exact mechanisms have not been fully clarified.As biomarkers of non-exudative ARMD,miRNA play a role in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.This article summarizes the role of various miRNA in targeting Nrf2 and HIF-1αto inhibit hypoxia-related angiogenesis signaling,thereby affecting oxidative stress.Additionally,miRNA regulate lipid uptake and the expression of ABCA1 in RPE and macrophages,thereby influencing lipid metabolism.This deepens the understanding of the role of miRNA in oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in non-exudative ARMD,and provides directions for further improving the understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of non-exudative ARMD.