汉语缩略语成分择取方式的量化研究

A Quantitative Study on the Selecting Method of Chinese Abbreviation Components

本文结合实际语料数据,关注缩略语成分如何从原式中被择取出来(即缩略语成分的择取方式),并将之细化为3个问题:选何处?选多少?如何排?为了解决以上3个问题,文章先提出了“内部小节”的概念,定义为“缩略语对应原式根据层次分析法或自然音步划分出来的缩略语择取成分源单位”,并说明了其存在意义及划分方法。针对“选何处”,研究认为,缩略语成分常择取自原式的某层内部小节首字,而择取第1层两个内部小节的首字是最强势的缩略语组配模式。针对“选多少”,本研究不仅认为双音节是缩略语的优势音节数,还发现了缩略语的音节数和原式第1层内部小节的数量存在相关关系。针对“如何排”,研究表明,缩略语择取成分往往按照原式组成成分的顺序进行排列。

This paper,guided by empirical data,explores the methodology behind the selection of components in Chinese abbreviations derived from their original forms.It breaks down the issue into three clear questions:Where are the components selected from within the original form?What is the quantity of components selected from the original form?How are the selected components arranged?To address these questions,the paper introduces a new concept known as the“internal segment”.Defined as the“source units from which abbreviation components are selected,segmented from the original forms via analytic hierarchy process or natural foot”,it further elucidates its significance and method of division.Where selection location is concerned,it’s argued that abbreviation components are frequently derived from the first character of a specific internal segment within the original form.Selecting the first characters from two internal segments at the first level appears to be most effective abbreviation strategy.Regarding component quantity selection,it not only suggests disyllable as the prevailing syllabic structure for Chinese abbreviations but also uncovers a correlation between the number of syllables in abbreviations and the number of internal segments at the original form’s first level.As for the arrangement of components,evidence indicates that components selected for abbreviation typically mirror the sequence of the original form’s components.