伦理错位与男性气质的丧失——小说《耻》中男主人公的性别解读

Ethical Misalignment and the Loss of Masculinity——A Gender Interpretation of the Male Protagonist in the Novel Disgrace

《耻》是南非作家库切(J.M.Coetzee)的作品。作为南非著名作家,库切作品多次涉及复杂的种族、社会和个人伦理问题,深刻探讨了后殖民主义和种族关系等主题。他以其深刻洞察力和文学才华在国际文坛上活跃,并获得了广泛的赞誉和认可。《耻》这部作品使库切在1999年第二次获得布克奖,成为历史上首位两次获得该奖项的作家。故事的主人公卢里因个人放荡的行为导致了家庭伦理、性爱伦理和社会伦理的错位。本文从分析“男性气质”的概念开始,结合南非社会变革的大环境,探讨这种层层伦理错位如何导致卢里失去了大学教授的职位,进而白人男性的种族优越感消失,造成社会阶层的下降,父亲角色认同失败,并最终导致其整体男性气质的缺失和悲剧色彩浓厚的个人命运。

Disgrace is written by South African writer J.M.Coetzee.As a renowned South African writer,Coetzee’s works often delve into complex issues of race,society,and personal ethics,while deeply exploring themes of postcolonialism and racial relations.With his profound insights and literary talent,he has made a significant impact on the international literary stage,receiving widespread acclaim and recognition.Disgrace earned Coetzee the Booker Prize twice in 1999,making him the first author in history to achieve this feat.The protagonist of the story,David Lurie,experiences a misalignment of family ethics,sexual ethics,and societal ethics due to his personal misconduct.This paper begins with an analysis of the concept of“masculinity”and,in conjunction with the background of social transformation in South Africa,examines how this ethical misalignment leads to David Lurie’s loss of his position as a university professor,the disappearance of white male racial superiority,a decline in social status,a failure in fatherhood identity,and ultimately results in the loss of his overall masculinity and a profoundly tragic personal fate.