区域高速公路网交通事故成因分析及改善对策

Cause Analysis of Traffic Accidents in Regional Expressway Network and Countermeasures for Improvement

近年来,随着经济发展和通车里程的增加,我国高速公路交通事故呈现出多发且严重的态势,开展事故成因分析并提出预防策略对于保障交通安全十分重要。基于安徽省高速公路交通事故数据,通过描述性统计分析探讨高速公路事故时空分布特征、事故形态特征以及事故在天气影响下的分布特征。结果表明,高速公路交通事故类型主要为车辆故障、车辆与护栏及车辆间碰撞;月初、每日出行高峰以及非工作日是事故高发期;事故主要分布于交通枢纽、服务区出入口等复杂节点,且山区事故率高于平原地区。在此基础上,从时间、空间和环境方面分析出影响事故的成因,并针对性提出高速公路交通事故预防对策。

In recent years,with the economic development and the increase of mileage,highway traffic accidents in China have shown a trend of frequent occurrence and seriousness.It is very important to analyze the causes of accidents and put forward preventive strategies for ensuring traffic safety.Based on the traffic accident data of expressway in Anhui Province,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics,accident morphology characteristics and distribution characteristics of accidents under the influence of weather are discussed by descriptive statistical analysis.The results show that the types of highway traffic accidents are mainly vehicle faults,collisions between vehicles and guardrails and vehicles.the beginning of the month,daily travel peak and non-working days are the high-incidence periods of accidents;accidents are mainly distributed in complex nodes such as transportation hubs,entrances and exits of service areas,and the accident rate in mountainous areas is higher than that in plain areas.On this basis,the causes of accidents are analyzed from the aspects of time,space and environment,and the prevention countermeasures of highway traffic accidents are put forward.