中药复方饲料添加剂在家禽生产中的应用

Application of compound tranditional Chinese medicine feed additives in poultry production

在全面禁用抗生素饲料添加剂的背景下,畜禽中药饲料添加剂受到广泛关注。在家禽生长过程中添加复方中药可促进饲料中营养物质的吸收,提高畜禽生产性能,降低料肉比、料蛋比,改善肉蛋品质;提高屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率等屠宰性能;调节免疫,提高免疫器官指数,促进免疫球蛋白分泌,提高免疫抗体水平,提高补体含量;通过提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶活性而增强抗氧化能力;改善肠道组织形态,提高肠道绒毛高度与隐窝深度,维持肠道稳态,调解肠道菌群丰度,增加肠道菌群生物多样性,促进有益菌增殖,抑制病原菌定植。复方中药添加剂配伍的常用中药主要有甘草、黄芪、白术。本文对中药复方饲料添加剂及常用配伍药材在家禽生产中的应用进行综述,可为中药饲料添加剂的开发利用提供参考。

In the background of a comprehensive ban on antibiotic feed additives,tranditional Chinese medicine feed additives for livestock and poultry gained significant attention.Adding compound tranditional Chinese medicine during the growth of poultry can promote nutrient absorption,improve production performance,reduce meat conversion ratio,egg conversion ratio,and improve the quality of meat and eggs,slaughtering performance such as dressing percentage,full-evisceration ratio,semi-eviscerated ratio,breast muscle percent,and so on,regulate immunity,increase immune organ index,promote immunoglobulin secretion,increase immune antibody levels and complement content,enhance antioxidant capacity by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase(SOD).Compound tranditional Chinese medicine feed additives can improve intestinal histomorphology,increase villus height and crypt depth,maintain intestinal homeostasis,regulate intestinal flora abundance,increase gut microbiota biodiversity,promote the enhancement of beneficial bacteria,and inhibit pathogen colonization.The main tranditional Chinese medicine used in the compound Chinese medicine formulation are Radix Glycyrrhiza,Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae.This paper aims to review on progresses in the functions and applications of compound tranditional Chinese medicine used in poultry production,and provides reference for the development and utilization of tranditional Chinese medicine feed additives.