藏语虚词教学方法研究

Research on Teaching Methods of Tibetan Function Words

藏语作为一门语法规则十分严谨、逻辑性很强的法制型语言,其虚词的用法也是十分重要的。虚词在整个藏语的应用中起到了承上启下、语义修饰、逻辑定式和语义锁定的作用。藏语中一般不依靠虚词的语句很少。由此,虚词对于藏语的重要性不言而喻。但是,目前未见专门探究藏语虚词授课方法相关的文章。因此,本文按照藏文虚词分为格虚词和一般虚词的观点,探讨藏语虚词的教学方法,并对其进行了较细致的研究,认为在藏语虚词教学中应注重以下几个难点:如果除了看格虚词的添接规则,无需看后置字的区别,那么其在语义上一定有所区别,故之需看句子上下文的语义,须认识到虚词的同形异义之处;了解词类是认识格虚词使用方法的重要一环,虽然一般虚词在其语音上看似乎没有意义,但他们在句子中的作用是有别于格虚词的;部分虚词可搭配在具有相同词义上;一般虚词中包含真虚词与非真虚词、附在词后的虚词与不附在词后的虚词、具有实在意义的虚词与没有实在意义的虚词等具有多种类型,因而他们的语义也无法在同一范畴进行探讨。本文就如何在把握以上几个难点的基础上,概括出藏语虚词功能教学方法,进而对藏语虚词应用及其在遣词造句中的功能等作了阐释。

Tibetan language has strict grammar and strong logic,the use of function word is very important.Function words play a crucial role in the application of Tibetan language,serving as a link between the preceding and the following,semantic modifiers,logical modifiers,and semantic locking.There are generally few sentences in Tibetan language that do not rely on function words,so the importance of function words in Tibetan language is very clear.However,the author has not seen any articles specifically exploring teaching methods for Tibetan function words.Therefore,this article explores the teaching methods of Tibetan function words based on the perspective of dividing Tibetan language into case function words and general function words,and conducts a detailed study on them.It is believed that in teaching Tibetan function words,attention should be paid to the following difficulties:if there is no need to look at the differences in post position words besides the patterns of case function word combinations,then there must be differences in semantics.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the semantics of sentence context and recognize the similarities and differences of function words;Understanding the classification of words is an important way to understand the usage of case function words.Although general function words may seem meaningless in their pronunciation,their role in sentences is different from that of case function words;Some function words can be paired with words with the same meaning;There are various types of function words in general,including true and non true function words,function words attached to words and not attached to words,function words with real meaning and function words without real meaning.Therefore,their semantics cannot be explored in the same category.On the basis of grasping the above difficulties,this article summarizes the teaching methods of Tibetan function words,explains the application of Tibetan function words and their functions in Chinese word formation and sentence construction.