藏族古代传奇故事“玛桑仲”的原型演变初探

A Preliminary Exploration of the Prototype Evolution of the Tibetan Ancient Legendary Story“Ma Sang Sgrung”

藏族古代史料普遍认为,在第一代赞普聂赤赞普至第二十七代赤托杰托赞期间,国政以“仲”“迪悟”和“苯”来治理,是吐蕃初期的主要文化体系。其中,“仲”是藏文音译,意为故事或传奇故事,它又分为《玛桑仲》《诈尸成金仲》《麻雀仲》等。《玛桑仲》是藏族古代文学中的重要作品,具有极高的文化价值和研究价值。文章将从以下几个方面对《玛桑仲》进行全面研究。首先,对于“玛桑”一词的含义进行考证。传统上,“玛桑”被解释为神灵、氏族等含义,但本文将结合古苯教文献、敦煌文献等资料,对“玛桑”一词进行更深入的考证。认为“玛桑”既是藏族神灵体系“神、念、龙”中念神的一支,更是藏族古代传奇文学中的最具神话色彩的人物。其次,对《玛桑仲》进行文本分析。散见于各类文献及民间流传的《玛桑仲》是一个具有多种意蕴的故事类型,涉及到神话、史诗等领域。本文将运用神话学、文学人类学、原型批评等理论的方法对《玛桑仲》进行甄别、分析与归纳,提出《玛桑仲》是在古代藏地广为流传的,对研究藏族古代文化具有重要意义的重要作品。最后,对《玛桑仲》的原型演变及其文化价值进行探讨。通过对《玛桑仲》的研究,我们可以更深入地了解藏族古代社会的文化、历史、文学等方面的情况,为藏学研究提供更多有价值的资料。

It is generally believed in ancient Tibetan historical materials that during the period from the first Zanpu Niechi Zanpu to the 27th Zanpu Chi Tuo Jie Tuo Zan,the state was governed by"Sgrung","Lde'u","Bon",which were the main cultural systems in the early Tibetan period.Among them,“Sgrung"is a transliteration of Tibetan language,meaning story or legendary story.Ma Sang Sgrung is an important work in ancient Tibetan literature,with extremely high cultural and research value.This article conducts a comprehensive study of Ma Sang Sgrung from the following aspects.Firstly,it conducts research on the meaning of the word"Ma Sang".Traditionally,"Ma Sang"has been interpreted as meaning of deities,clans,etc.However,this article combines ancient Bon literature,Dunhuang literature,and other materials to conduct a more in-depth study of the term"Ma Sang".It is believed that"Ma Sang"is not only a branch of the Tibetan deity system of god and dragon,but also the most mythological figure in ancient Tibetan legendary literature.Secondly,it conducts text analysis on Ma Sang Sgrung,which is scattered in various literature and folk traditions,is a type of story with various connotations,involving fields such as mythology and epic.This article uses theoretical methods such as mythology,literary anthropology,and archetype criticism to distinguish,analyze,and summarize Ma Sang Sgrung,and propose that Ma Sang Sgrung is an important work widely circulated in ancient Tibet,which is of great significance for the study of ancient Tibetan culture.Finally,the prototype evolution and cultural value of Ma Sang Sgrung has been explored.Through the study of Ma Sang Sgrung,deeper study of the cultural,historical,literary,and other aspects of ancient Tibetan society can be gained,which provides more valuable information forTibetan studies.