华锐地区民间斯巴创世歌的分类及其价值

The Classification and Value of Srid Pa Chags Glu in Huarui Region

华锐民歌是中华优秀传统文化遗产之一,以唱词洗练,富有文学性,旋律优美动听而著称,于2008年1月被列为国家级非物质文化遗产保护项目。本文以华锐民歌中的“斯巴创世歌”为研究对象,首先,梳理了“斯巴创世歌”系现存文献类别与刊布情况。其次,以体裁和内容为主,民间艺人和相关专家采访为辅,将华锐地区的民间“斯巴创世歌”分为引导歌、正题歌、杆悔歌三大类。其中,正题歌又分为世界形成类、植物起源类、动物起源类、社会生产类、部落历史类等五类。通过实例对其体裁和内容进行解析,提出“斯巴创世歌”应归类为创世史诗之文学范畴的观点。此外,华锐地区民间“斯巴创世歌”中不仅反映了藏族先民在不同历史时期探索世界的认识进程,以及华锐地区各氏族部落的起源、发展、迁徙等历史内容,而且“斯巴创世歌”对民歌、《格萨尔》史诗、道歌等其他藏族民间文学产生了深远的影响,也保存了大量与农牧业相关的民俗、方言等内容。因此,文章亦提出此类民歌对研究历史、文学、民俗、方言等具有一定的价值。

Huarui folk songs are one of the excellent traditional cultural heritages of China,known for their concise lyrics,literary richness,and beautiful melodies.They were listed as a national intangible cultural heritage protection project in January 2008.This article takes the Srid Pa Chags Glu in Huarui folk songs as the research object.Firstly,it reviews the existing literature categories and publication status of the Srid Pa Chags Glu.Secondly,with a focus on genre and content,and interviews with folk artists and relevant experts,Srid Pa Chags Glu in Huarui region are divided into three categories:guide songs,theme songs,and confession songs.Among them,the main theme songs are divided into five categories:world formation,plant origin,animal origin,social production,and tribal history.By analyzing its genre and content through examples,it is proposed that the Srid Pa Chags Glu should be classified as a literary category of creation epics.In addition,Srid Pa Chags Glu in Huarui region not only reflects the ideological development of Tibetan ancestors in exploring and understanding the world in different historical periods,but also the historical content of the origin,development,and migration of various clans and tribes in the Huarui region.Moreover,Srid Pa Chags Glu has had a profound impact on other Tibetan folk literature such as folk songs,Gesar epics,Taoist songs,and has preserved a large amount of agricultural and pastoral related folk customs,dialects,and other content.Therefore,the article also suggests that such folk songs have certain value in the study of history,literature,folk customs,dialects,etc.