《诗境》藏译本中混合修饰法的一颂失译初探

A Preliminary Study on the Tibetan Translation of Rab Spel Rgyan in Snyan Ngag Me Long

《诗镜》■为7世纪印度宫廷诗人檀丁所撰,历史上注释众多。公元十三世纪(1250-1270)印度著名诗人班智达srilakamakara、lak·mikara(梵文为■、藏文为■)和藏族匈译师·多吉坚参将它译成了藏文,随后由邦译师·洛追旦巴和司徒等历代藏族译师,先后根据梵文原本校订改译,推动了藏族文学思潮和理论的发展,逐渐成为藏族文化的有机组成部分。探讨《诗镜》的梵藏译本,一方面有助于我们从原文层面了解梵藏翻译的理论与实践;另一方面有助于我们加深对印度文化和藏族文化交流的认识。但是后期可能在抄录时,存在诸多错字、漏字现象,正如更敦群培大学者所说“现在藏译版的《诗经》中还有几颂未翻译,望有志趣之人,将其翻译全为好”。为此,本文参照《诗镜》梵文原文与注疏,以及藏译和藏译注疏,通过语法功能对《诗镜》梵藏文本进行了拆解、分析词汇等详细的对照,其中对藏文漏译的一颂原文作了尝试性地翻译,且探讨了这颂漏译的内容正是藏文各注释当中所说的缺少互不观待个独立混合修饰法的例子,以供参考。同时依据《韵律宝生》对梵文原文进行了原诗的韵律分析,旨在通过上述研究,对《诗镜》的梵藏翻译情况有更深的了解,并且从更广的视角和层面探寻《诗镜》对藏族文化的影响,从而为进一步研究历史上以梵文为媒介的印度文化和藏族文化之间持久而深入的交流打下基础。

Snyan Ngag Me Long was composed by Dandin,an Indian court poet in the 7th century,and there were numerous commentaries in the history.In the 13th century AD(1250-1270),the famous Indian poet Mkhas Pa Phun Tshogs Byed Po and the Tibetan translator Shong Ston Rdo Rje Rgyal Mtshan translated it into Tibetan language.Subsequently,various Tibetan translators such as Dpang Lo Blo Gros Brtan Pa and Situ proofread and re-translated the text into Tibetan language based on the original Sanskrit text.It highly promoted the development of Tibetan literary trends,theories and gradually became an organic component of Tibetan culture.The discussion of the Sanskrit-Tibetan version of this text,help us understand the theory and practice of Sanskrit Tibetan translation from the original level,and on the other hand,it will help us deepen our understanding of Indian culture and Tibetan cultural exchanges.However,there may be some errors and omissions in the later stage of transcription,as stated by the great scholar Gendun Chophel,"There are still a few verses in the translated version of Snyan Ngag Me Long that have not been translated.I hope that those who are interested in this aspect can translate them as a whole in the future".Thus,this article refers to the original Sanskrit text and annotations of Snyan Ngag Me Long,as well as the Tibetan translations and annotations.Through grammatical functions,a detailed comparison is made between the Sanskrit and Tibetan texts of Snyan Ngag Me Long,including the analysis of vocabulary.It is discussed that this is an example of the lack of independent mixed modification method mentioned in various Tibetan annotations for reference.At the same time,a rhythmic analysis of the original Sanskrit poem was conducted based on"Rhythm Baosheng".The paper aims to gain a deeper understanding of the Tibetan translation of"Snyan Ngag Me Long"through the above research,and to explore the influence of Snyan Ngag Me Long on Tibetan culture from a broader perspective and level,thus laying a foundation for further research on the lasting and in-depth communication between Indian and Tibetan culture using Sanskrit as a medium in history.