分布式协商:协商代表驱动乡村高质量协商的内在逻辑——以华中S村为例

Distributed Deliberation:The Internal Logic of Deliberative Representative Driving High Quality Deliberation in Rural Areas——Take Village S in Central China as an Examplc

乡村协商民主是全过程人民民主的重要实践形式,而协商代表作为乡村协商中的能动因素对乡村协商质量具有显著影响,但具体的影响机制和作用条件尚缺乏足够的讨论。通过建构分布式协商的概念框架,试图在“结构—过程—功能”三维视角下考察协商代表驱动乡村高质量协商的影响因素和逻辑机制。基于对华中S村L湾组协商推动绿植项目落地的调查,发现协商代表需要在对象、主体、内容、方式四个维度形成分布衔接的代表结构,以解决协商代表结构产生的规范性问题。同时,还要通过设置分类议题、分层单元、分步递进的多元化协商形态,将“代表链条”有机嵌入具体的协商进程之中,以实现结构性的代表链条与过程性的协商形态深度融合。由此在协商的系统层面上实现主体的包容性、环节的衔接性、要素的多样性的协商功能,趋向于形成一种乡村高质量协商的实然状态。分布式协商是中国基层代表治理的有益探索,其内含的协商代表与协商形态双向互嵌所呈现出的高质量协商是乡村全过程人民民主的生动呈现。而乡村协商代表作为中国基层治理现代化研究中新的生长点和延伸点,既是对传统代表研究的深化拓展,也是对西方代表理论的超越,将不断丰富和拓展全过程人民民主的理论内涵和实践形态。

Rural deliberative democracy is an important form of practice in the whole process of peo-ple’s democracy,and the deliberative representative,as a dynamic factor in rural deliberation,has a signifi-cant impact on the quality of rural deliberation,but the specific influencing mechanism and working condi-tions are still insufficient to discuss.By constructing the conceptual framework of distributed deliberation,this paper attempts to investigate the influencing factors and logical mechanism of deliberative representative driving high-quality deliberation from the perspective of“structure-process-function”.Based on the in-vestigation of bay L pilot deliberation experiment in village S in central China to promote the landing of green plant project,it is found that deliberative representatives need to form a distributed representative structures in the four dimensions of object,subject,content and mode to solve the normative problems caused by the deliberation representative structure.At the same time,the“representative chain”should be organically embedded into the specific deliberative process by setting classified topics,hierarchical units,and diversified deliberative forms step by step,so as to realize the deep integration of structural representa-tive chain and procedural deliberative form,thus achieving the deliberative function of inclusiveness of sub-jects,cohesion of links,and diversity of elements at the system level of deliberation.It tends to be a real state of high quality deliberation in the countryside.Distributed deliberation is a beneficial exploration of grassroots representative governance in China,and the high quality deliberation presented by the bidirec-tional mutual embedding of the deliberative representatives and deliberative forms is a vivid representation of the whole process of people’s democracy in rural areas.As a new growth point and extension point of the research on the modernization of Chinese grass-roots governance,rural deliberative representatives not only deepen and expand the traditional representative research,but also suppurate and surpass the Western rep-resentative theory,which will continuously enrich and expand the theoretical connotation and practical form of the whole process of people’s democracy.