全球视域下以经济高质量发展推进中国式现代化的经验借鉴和路径选择

International Experience and Path of Promoting High-quality Economic Development for China's Modernization from the Global Perspective

实现高质量发展是中国式现代化的本质要求之一。美国、英国和日本的国际经验表明,经济高质量发展的核心是创新驱动,构建有利于科学发现、技术发明和产业创新的制度至关重要;加强创新人才培养和高端人才引进、注重发挥政府在重大科技研发中的引导作用以及构建良好的创新生态环境是推动经济高质量发展的关键。文章基于高质量发展的内涵特征,从经济水平、经济结构、经济效率、经济动能和经济贸易5个维度构建了高质量发展的评价指标体系,通过与世界前沿国家、高收入国家以及世界平均水平比较发现,2000—2020年中国经济质量明显提升且与发达国家总体差距减小,经济动能和经济效率与发达国家相比差距相对较大,经济贸易差距较小。同时,提出应继续从优化经济内部结构提升经济效率、加强科技创新和科技成果转化、推进高水平对外开放、构建适应经济高质量发展的体制机制4条路径推进中国经济高质量发展。

Achieving high-quality development is one of the essential requirements for China-style modernization.International experiences from the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan suggest that the core of high-quality economic development lies in innovation-driven growth,and the establishment of institutions conducive to scientific discovery,technological inventions,and industrial innovation is crucial.Strengthening the cultivation of innovative talents,attracting high-end talents,emphasizing the government's guiding role in major scientific and technological research and development,and creating a favorable innovation ecosystem are key drivers of high-quality economic development.Based on the characteristics of high-quality development,this paper constructs an evaluation index system for high-quality development from five dimensions of the economic level,the economic structure,the economic efficiency,the economic momentum and the economic trade.A comparison with leading countries,high-income countries and the world average reveals that China's economic quality significantly improved from 2000 to 2020.However,there is a relatively large gap in economic momentum and economic efficiency compared to developed countries,while the economic trade gap is smaller.It is recommended to continue advancing China's high-quality economic development through four pathways:optimizing the internal economic structure,enhancing economic efficiency,promoting technological innovation and the transformation of scientific achievements,establishing a high-level open economy,and building institutional mechanisms conducive to high-quality economic development.