可持续性VS政治经济学:西方农村生计方法研究进展与启示

Sustainability VS Political Economy:Research Progress and Implications on Western Rural Livelihood Approaches

生计概念因消除农村贫困和促进农村发展而产生,农村生计始终伴随着生计研究并始终是生计研究的中心。农村生计思想和实践起源于西方并经历了多个发展阶段,最典型的是以国家干预为导向的农村援助性生计、以市场为导向的农户能动性生计以及基于权利的可持续性生计。西方农村生计思想的不断发展推动了农村生计的概念化和生计方法的兴起,强调行动者能动性的可持续生计方法增强了人们对农村生计的理解和实践;而另一方面,可持续生计方法因过度物质化、层次化和忽视社会结构而饱受批评,从结构、时间和空间对其进行修正已成为农村生计研究的重要方向。政治经济学的生计方法有效规避了可持续生计方法的缺陷,融合了结构和行动双重属性而为构建包容性的农村生计提供了可能。政治经济学的生计方法为我国农村生计研究提供了新的分析视角,对我国当前迈向全面乡村振兴阶段的乡村发展具有重要的现实价值和理论指导意义。

The concept of livelihood emerged with the aim of eradicating rural poverty and promoting rural development,remaining central to the field of livelihood research.The concept and practice of rural livelihood originated in the Western context and have gone through various developmental stages.The most prominent among these stages are the state-led assistance-oriented rural livelihood,market-driven household agency livelihood,and rights-based sustainable livelihood.The continual evolution of Western rural livelihood concepts has contributed to the conceptualization of livelihood and the emergence of various livelihood methodologies.The sustainable livelihood approach highlights the agency of individuals and deepens our understanding and practical application of rural livelihoods.However,this approach has faced criticism for its perceived overemphasis on material aspects,hierarchical structures,and disregard for social dynamics.Consequently,addressing its limitations through structural,temporal,and spatial considerations has become a pivotal focus within rural livelihood research.Integrating both structural and agency dimensions,the political economy approach to livelihood overcomes the shortcomings of the sustainable livelihood approach,offering potential for constructing inclusive rural livelihoods.In the context of rural livelihood research in our country,the political economy approach provides a fresh analytical perspective,carrying substantial practical value and theoretical guidance,particularly as China transitions from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization during its current phase of rural development.