传统村落人居环境体检及其修复路径——以湖南4个典型传统村落为例

Physical Examination and Restoration Path of Human Settlement of Traditional Villages:A Case Study of Four Typical Traditional Villages in Hunan Province

文章立足于韧性理论的科学内涵及传统村落人居环境的系统特征,从景观秩序稳定、地域功能多元、营建主体适应3个方面,构建了传统村落人居环境体检评价指标体系及综合评价函数,并据此对湖南省4个典型传统村落进行评价。结果表明:①4个典型传统村落人居环境体检结果整体发展状态较好,且内部差异明显。②3项准则层中,表征传统村落人居环境延续发展基础的景观秩序稳定层评价结果较好,而表征传统村落人居环境自身优势属性、促进系统转型适应的地域功能多元层和营建主体适应层评价结果差异较大。③传统村落人居环境的系统问题集中在多元主体权力失衡和文化基因传承无路2个方面。最后,依据体检评价结果,从加强社区增权和实施文化补偿2个方面探索了传统村落人居环境差异化修复路径。

Based on the scientific connotation of resilience theory and the systematic characteristics of human settlement environment of traditional villages,this paper constructs the physical examination evaluation index system and the comprehensive evaluation function of human settlement environment of traditional villages from three aspects:the stability of landscape order,the diversification of regional functions and the adaptation of construction subjects.Based on the above,it evaluates four typical traditional villages in Hunan Province.The results show that:1)The overall development of the physical examination results of human settlement environment in the four typical traditional villages is good,and the internal differences are obvious.2)Among the three criteria layers,the evaluation results of the landscape order stability layer,which represents the basis for the continuous development of human settlement environment of traditional villages,are better,while the evaluation results of the regional function diversification layer and the construction subject adaptation layer,which represent the advantages of the traditional village human settlement environment and promote the transformation and adaptation of the system,are relatively different.3)The systematic problems of human settlement environment in traditional villages are concentrated in two aspects:the power imbalance of multiple subjects and the lack of cultural inheritance.According to the results of physical examination and evaluation,the differential restoration path of human settlement environment of traditional villages is explored from two aspects:strengthening community empowerment and implementing cultural compensation.