棉花抗黄萎病生理生化机制研究进展

Recent advances in physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt

棉花是我国的重要经济作物,是关系我国国计民生的支柱性产业,是影响世界大宗农产品及下游纺织品贸易格局的战略性产业。由大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae引起的棉花黄萎病是棉花生产上的头号病害,严重影响棉花产量与质量。黄萎病菌侵染过程中会激发棉花植株产生一系列防御反应,如组织结构抗性变化、植物激素信号通路响应及抗病相关基因表达等。目前,已从棉花中挖掘出大量响应黄萎病菌的基因,阐明了这些抗性相关基因通过调控生理生化反应而发挥抗病功能的机制。本文从活性氧、防御酶、次生代谢产物和植物激素4个方面综述了棉花抗性相关生理生化作用机制,总结了棉花抗性相关生理生化反应的调控网络,为深入了解棉花抗黄萎病机制、选育抗病品种提供理论依据。

Cotton is the most important cash crop in China,playing a vital role not only in national revenue and people’s income but also in the healthy development of the national textile industry and textile exports.Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is the most notorious disease in cotton production,which significantly reduces the yield and quality of cotton.It is widely acknowledged that V.dahliae infections could activate a series of defense responses in cotton plant,including structural resistance alterations,plant hormone signal transduction,and the induction of defense-related genes.Currently,many genes involved in the cotton Verticillium wilt resistance have been identified,and their individual mechanisms of physiological and biochemical regulation have been demonstrated.In this review,we summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of physiological and biochemical resistance to cotton Verticillium wilt,including reactive oxygen species,defense enzymes,secondary metabolites,and plant hormones.Furthermore,we conceptualized the regulatory network governing physiological and biochemical resistance to cotton Verticillium wilt,which will provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanisms of Verticillium wilt resistance and for improving resistance breeding in cotton.