金属氢化物储氢反应器的热管理研究进展

A review on research progress in thermal management of metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors

【目的】金属氢化物储氢反应器是固态储氢技术的核心部件,在金属氢化物进行可逆吸放氢反应过程中会发生大量热交换,从而导致反应器内部温度分布不均匀,影响反应器的储氢性能和使用寿命。因此,对金属氢化物储氢反应器进行有效的热管理,是提高其储氢效率和稳定性的关键技术之一。【方法】为研究国内外金属氢化物储氢反应器的热管理进展,通过文献调研的方式,概述了金属氢化物吸放氢反应原理,根据热量传递过程将储氢反应器的换热过程分为3个阶段:热量在储氢材料中的传递、储氢材料与储氢反应器壁面间的换热、储氢反应器壁面与外界的换热,并对提高不同阶段换热效率的热管理方法进行了分类。【结果】通过对各种热管理方法的换热性能进行分析,分别介绍了使用换热管、翅片、相变材料等不同热管理方法的研究进展,以吸放氢速率作为金属氢化物储氢反应器的重要指标,对比分析了不同热管理方法的优缺点,总结了现阶段仍存在的问题和挑战,并对金属氢化物储氢反应器热管理的未来发展方向进行了展望。【结论】不同的热管理方法有各自的优势和劣势,对不同规模和用途的金属氢化物储氢反应器有针对性地进行热管理方法的选择与优化,有利于设计出高效、紧凑的热管理系统,为固态储氢技术的规模化和工程化应用奠定基础。(图7,表1,参79)

[Objective]Metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors serve as core components in solid-state hydrogen storage techniques.During the reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions of metal hydrides,significant heat exchange occurs,leading to uneven temperature distribution within the reactors and resulting in adverse effects on the hydrogen storage performance and service life of the reactors.Therefore,effective thermal management is recognized as one of the key technologies to improve the efficiency and stability of metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors.[Methods]This paper aims to review the research progress in the field of thermal management for metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors both in China and abroad.To this end,an extensive investigation of available literature was conducted to summarize the principle of hydrogen absorption-desorption reactions in metal hydrides.The heat transfer process within hydrogen storage reactors was examined,leading to the division of the heat exchange process into three stages:heat transfer in the hydrogen storage materials;heat exchange between the hydrogen storage materials and the wall surface of the hydrogen storage reactors;heat exchange between the wall surface of the hydrogen storage reactors and the ambient environment.Furthermore,thermal management methods that enhance heat exchange efficiency in each stage were categorized.[Results]Through an analysis of the heat exchange performance in various thermal management methods,this review presents an overview of the research progress in these approaches,including the use of heat exchange tubes,fins,and phase-change materials.The evaluation of hydrogen absorption and desorption rates as crucial metrics allows for a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.Additionally,the review summarizes the existing challenges in this field and envisions the prospects for future trends in thermal management for metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors.[Conclusion]Different thermal management methods have their pros and cons.Therefore,it is essential to select and optimize specific thermal management methods based on the scale and intentions of metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors,to design efficient and compact thermal management systems.The outcomes of this research lay a foundation for the large-scale and engineering applications of solid-state hydrogen storage techniques.(7 Figures,1 Table,79 References)