平台数据垄断背景下必要设施原则的适用问题研究

Research on the Application of the Essential Facilities Principle in the Context of Platform Data Monopoly

进入到平台经济时代后,平台上的数据成为了企业市场进入的关键要素。互联网经济学理论提出了必要设施原则,我国限于对数据权属界定的缺失,暂时无法完全适用反垄断规制。即使国外在规制平台企业行为之时,也并非完全适用必要设施原则,将其法律移植到中国要区分适用情况。与外企不同,我国平台企业作为商业组织,追求盈利之外肩负重大社会责任,要在区分公共数据和非公共数据前提下,对必要设施原则做出具有中国特色的解读,以期在尊重平台劳动和鼓励技术创新之间寻找到利益平衡点,建构起维护数据市场自由竞争的良好制度环境。

In the era of the platform economy,platform data has become a crucial factor for market entry for enterprises.While network economists have proposed the essential facilities doctrine as an antitrust regulation framework,its application in China is hindered by the absence of a clear definition of data ownership.Even in cases where foreign countries regulate platform company behavior,the universal applicability of the essential facilities doctrine is limited.Therefore,any attempt to transplant this doctrine to China needs careful consideration of specific circumstances.In contrast to foreign enterprises,Chinese platform companies,operating as commercial entities,not only seek profits but also carry significant social responsibilities.Consequently,it is imperative to interpret the essential facilities doctrine with Chinese characteristics,taking into account the differentiation between public and non-public data.This approach aims to strike a balance between respecting the work of platforms and promoting technological innovation,thereby constructing a favorable institutional environment that upholds free competition in the data market.