共同体凝聚政策理论下的英国移民融合:缘起、困境及启示

Immigrant Integration in the UK under the Theory of Community Cohesion Policy:Origins,Dilemmas and Its Theoretical Implications

英国自2016年开始启动脱欧公投程序,其重要原因之一就是愈演愈烈的移民问题,族群迥异又要共聚共生,问题复杂,挑战繁多,并且出现了“隔坨”和“平行社会”现象。英国为此不断探索和调整移民政策,并在脱欧后把关注重点从控制移民数质量转到移民融合问题。共同体凝聚政策彰显出当下英国移民政策中移民融合的内涵与特征,其形成与执行过程体现出放弃多元文化主义之后英国移民政策改革的轨迹。在研究英国共同体凝聚政策基础上,提出构建多层面移民融合体系、开展针对移民的汉语教育、以职业培训与高技能就业作为移民融合关键点等我国移民融合的建议。

One of the main reasons why the UK started the EU referendum process in 2016 was the intensifying immigration issue,which is characterized by complexity,challenges and the emergence of“segregation”and“paral⁃lel societies”,where different ethnic groups have to coexist.The United Kingdom has been exploring and adjusting its immigration policy,and has shifted its focus from controlling the number and quality of immigrants to the integra⁃tion of immigrants after leaving the European Union.The policy of community cohesion highlights the connotations and characteristics of immigrant integration in contemporary British immigration policy,and the process of its forma⁃tion and implementation reflects the trajectory of the reform of British immigration policy after the abandonment of multiculturalism.On the basis of the study of Britain’s community cohesion policy,it puts forward suggestions for the integration of immigrants in China,such as constructing a multilevel immigrant integration system,carrying out Chinese language education for immigrants,and taking vocational training and high-skill employment as the key points for immigrant integration.