老龄化社会背景下老年人犯罪量刑规则的反思与重构——以132份裁判文书为分析样本

Reflection and Reconstruction of Criminal Sentencing Rules for the Elderly under the Background of Aging Society—Taking 132 Judgment Documents as Analysis Samples

老龄化程度不断加深的社会背景下,老年人犯罪高发并成为司法入罪与量刑的重要对象。立足司法案例进行实证分析,可以发现老年人犯罪的量刑规则存在诸多不敷适用之处,如:老年罪犯从宽处罚的原理和依据与社会现实不匹配、罚金刑的适用过于普遍、死刑规定存在漏洞等,亟待立足老龄化的社会实际,取消老年人犯罪单纯以年龄为依据的从宽处罚规定,对老年罪犯谨慎适用罚金刑,修正老年罪犯不适用死刑的起算点,完善我国老年人犯罪的量刑规则。

In the context of an increasingly aging society,the elderly are committing crimes at a high rate and have become important objects of judicial criminalization and sentencing.The empirical analysis of judicial cases reveals that there are many shortcomings in the sentencing rules of crimes committed by the elderly,such as the mismatch between the principle and basis of lenient punishment for elderly offenders and the social reality,the overly prevalent application of fines,and loopholes in the provisions of death penalty.Based on the reality of the aging society,we should abolish the leniency for the elderly offenders based solely on age,apply fines prudently,amend the minimum age of elderly offenders applicable for death penalty,so as to perfect the sentencing rules of crimes committed by the elderly in China.