苹果皮中总黄酮的提取与含量测定

Extraction and Determination of Resveratrol in Apple Skin

黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物果蔬中,且属于重要的抗氧化物质,几年来研究发现,类黄酮清除自由基的能力较强,而苹果皮中含有酚类、黄酮等生物活性物质,这些活性物质作用很大,尤其是在冠心病、心血管疾病等慢性疾病的预防方面有效,同时也能很好地降低发病率。如果在食品中加入少量苹果皮粉,可以增加食物中多酚和类黄酮的含量,这样苹果皮粉就可以被用作生产强化食品的一种食品添加剂,不仅仅合理利用了资源,增长了苹果产业的价值,又能够减少环境污染,因此具有很大的潜在价值和意义。实验中选用了红富士苹果的皮为原料,采用有机溶剂-乙醇提取皮中的总黄酮,并且使用紫外-分光光度法对其含量进行了测定,与此同时采用控制变量法,分析影响苹果皮里总黄酮收率的条件,通过正交试验选取适宜条件,最终结果表明:料液比为1∶45(g∶mL),乙醇体积分数为75%,提取温度为65℃以及提取时间2 h为最佳提取工艺条件,并测得苹果皮里总黄酮的含量为4.875%。

Flavonoids are widely found in plants,fruits and vegetables,and are important antioxidant substances.In recent years,studies have found that flavonoids have a strong ability to scavenge free radicals,while apple peel contains phenols,flavonoids and other bioactive substances,which play a great role,especially in the prevention of chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease.It can also reduce the incidence of disease.If a small amount of apple peel powder is added to food,the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in food can be increased,so that apple peel powder can be used as a food additive in the production of fortified food,which not only makes reasonable use of resources,increases the value of the apple industry,but also reduces environmental pollution,so it has great potential value and significance.In the experiment,the skin of red Fuji apple was selected as raw material,the total flavonoids in the skin were extracted by organic solvo-ethanol,and the content was determined by UV-spectrophotometry.At the same time,the control variable method was used to analyze the conditions affecting the yield of total flavonoids in the apple peel.The optimal conditions were selected by orthogonal test.The ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶45(g∶mL),the concentration of ethanol was 75%,the extraction temperature was 65℃and the extraction time was 2 h.The content of total flavonoids in apple peel was measured as 4.875%.