秦始皇陵铜马车驾驭操作问题研究

Driving Operation of the Bronze Chariots and Horses of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum

秦始皇陵铜马车的出土为马车驾驭操作问题提供了很好的研究材料,但由于损坏严重,辔的分配方式和系结位置仍有疑问。本文在梳理前人研究的基础上提出了新的辔绳分配方式,并通过对觼軜结构的分析,认为其在驾驭操作时具有操纵台的作用。由古今策的对比研究,为马匹驯化程度的提高找到了证据,并基于此尝试对其他时期二马和四马驾车中马车的操作驾驭问题进行推断。

The discovery of bronze chariots and horses from the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum has provided valuable materials for understanding the driving operation of the chariots. However, due to severe damage, there remain doubts regarding the allocation of pei(bridle) and the tying positions of the reins.We propose a new interpretation of how the reins may have been tied. Furthermore, we suggest that the bridle structure may have worked as a controlling platform during the driving operations. We found evidence for the advance in the domestication of horses, and based on this, attempted to interpret the driving operation of chariots powdered by two or four horses in other periods.