从信阳遣策简谈“虎座鸟架鼓”鼓架的定名

The Naming of Drum Stand of Tigers and Birds:Insights from Bamboo Slip Inventory of Burial Goods Unearthed from Xinyang

信阳楚墓出土的虎座鸟架鼓鼓架在遣策简中被记作“一灭盟之柜,躔土蝼,厀青黄之划”。“一灭盟之柜”当读作“一灭明之虡”,意为一座灭明凤鸟形的鼓架,此即虎座鸟架鼓鼓架的自名。“躔土蝼,厀青黄之划”是说鼓架中的灭明凤鸟脚踏螭虎,整个鼓架漆有青黄色彩绘。其中的“土蝼”即“地蝼”,在古书中指兼具龙虎二形的螭虎,在简文中指鼓架中双凤所踏伏虎形螭虎底座。

It is noticed that the drum stand of tigers and birds excavated from the Chu tomb in Xinyang of Henan Province was recorded in the inventory of burial goods as“Yi Miemeng Zhi Gui,Chan Tulou,Qi Qinghuang Zhi Hua一灭盟之柜,躔土蝼,厀青黄之划”.Among them,“Yi Miemeng Zhi Gui一灭盟之柜”should probably read as“Yi Mieming Zhi Ju一灭明之虡”,meaning a bird-shaped stand.This is how the stand was named originally.“Chan Tulou,Qi Qinghuang Zhi Hua躔土蝼,厀青黄之划”suggests that the bird was treading chi hu螭虎(feline tiger)and that the drum stand was painted with a cyan-yellow lacquer.The“Tulou土蝼”should really read as“Dilou地蝼”,referring to chi hu which show features of both dragon and tiger in ancient documents.In bamboo slips,Dilou should refers to the tiger-shaped base treaded by double birds of the drum stand.