我国特定非金融机构反洗钱监管制度完善的困境及其出路

Predicament of Improving DNFBPs' AML Regulatory System in China and Its Way Out

在强化反洗钱监管的国际共识背景下,如何弥补我国特定非金融机构反洗钱监管的规制短板成为亟待解决的问题。作为一种非典型的制度移植,取形于国际共识标准的特定非金融机构反洗钱监管制度构建与我国社会经济发展存在排斥反应,既难以与金融监管导向的既有反洗钱架构相匹配,也未能消弭与特定行业基本职业伦理之间的冲突,还缺乏来自信息保护一般行为规则的体系支撑。为此有必要在缓和制度移植的排斥反应过程中,揭示宏观政策聚焦和治理模式转型如何从双向视角为特定非金融机构反洗钱监管制度创新提供激励机制。进而基于以功能和场景为依托、以风险为方法的具体思路,构建以情报为中心的协作机制、重塑以场景为标准的信息处理规范并助推以风险为指引的合规体系,从而实现特定非金融机构反洗钱监管基于实践约束条件的本土化调适。

Given the international consensus on strengthening anti-money laundering(AML)regulation,how to make up for the shortcomings of China's DNFBPs' AML regulation has become an urgent issue to be resolved.As an atypical institutional transplantation,the construction of a DNFBPs' regulatory system based on the international consensus standards is not compatible with China's socio-economic development.It is difficult to match the existing AML structure with the financial regulatory orientation,nor does it eliminate the conflict with the basic professional ethics of a particular industry,and it lacks systemic support from the general rules of conduct on access to information.In the process of mitigating the rejection of institutional transplantation,it is necessary to reveal how macro policy focus and governance model transformation can provide incentives for innovating the DNFBPs' AML regulatory system from a bidirectional perspective.In turn,based on a functional and scenario-based approach and a risk-based approach,an intelligence-focused collaboration mechanism will be built,a scenario-based disclosure standard will be reshaped and a risk-based compliance system will be promoted.Ultimately,the local adaptation of DNFBPs' AML regulation based on practical constraints will be realized.