北赵、羊舌晋侯墓地关系及羊舌墓地墓主再论

Another Discussion on the Relationship between Cemeteries of Marquises of Jin State,of Beizhao Cemetery and Yangshe Cemetery,and Tomb Occupants of Yangshe Cemetery

晋侯墓地包括北赵晋侯墓地与羊舌晋侯墓地两部分,羊舌墓地为北赵晋侯墓地的延续,在葬制、葬俗与随葬器物等方面是对北赵晋侯墓地的继承与发展。羊舌墓地出土器物具有春秋早期早段到早期晚段的特点,随葬器物多为典型周文化器物,同时受到商文化因素与更早期文化因素的影响,而这些影响因素往往出现在级别较高的墓葬中。从墓葬形制、器物时代、陪葬墓年代等要素,结合北赵晋侯墓地诸墓主、文献记载与东周社会史实来考虑,M1的墓主当为晋昭侯,M2当为其夫人,其西侧3座墓由于信息缺失,但墓主似应晚于墓地M1和M2,应为晋孝侯及其夫人。由北赵晋侯墓地转换到羊舌晋侯墓地,当是“曲沃代翼”斗争的反映。

Cemeteries of Marquises of Jin State consist of two parts,the cemetery of Marquises of Jin State in Beizhao Village and the other in Yangshe Village.Yangshe Cemetery was the continuation of Beizhao Cemetery,and inherited and further developed the burial regulations,burial rites,funeral objects,etc.,of Beizhao Cemetery.The relics unearthed from Yangshe Cemetery are characterized by features that appeared during the transitional stage from the early phase to the late phase of early Spring&Autumn Period.The funeral objects,mostly typical articles of Zhou Culture,were also influenced by factors of Shang Culture and cultural factors of even earlier periods,and such influencing factors are often found in higher-grade tombs.Given the structures of the tombs,the age of the relics,the age of the satellite tombs and other key elements,in the light of the identities of the tomb occupants of the cemetery of Marquises of Jin State in Beizhao Village,literature and historical documents as well as historical facts of Eastern Zhou,the tomb occupant of M1 should be Marquis Zhao of Jin State,and M2 should be his wife's tomb.Despite the lack of information,it seems that the tomb occupants of the 3 tombs in the west lived in a later period than the occupants of M1 and M2,and should be Marquis Xiao of Jin State and his wife.The shift from the cemetery of Marquises of Jin State in Beizhao Village to the cemetery of Marquises of Jin State in Yangshe Village reflects the warfare that resulted in "the conquest of Yi by Duke of Quwo".