纵切自动车床环境温度变化误差试验研究

Experimental Study of the Environmental Temperature Variation Error in Slitting Automatic Lathe

为研究环境温度变化对纵切自动车床热误差的影响,本文以RTS20瑞士型纵切自动车床为试验载体,通过环境温度变化误差(ETVE)试验装置,开展了恒主轴转速(5000 rpm)变环境温度、变主轴转速(0~8000 rpm)变环境温度的热误差试验,对环境温度对热误差的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明:在相同主轴转速下,环境温度变化影响着车床结构各部位的温升,进而影响热误差;在随机主轴转速下,主轴轴承等温度测点的温升受转速变化的影响,热误差的增长与关键测点温度具有相同变化周期,但不具有相同变化趋势,即温度快速升高时热误差并不一定也正向增长;空调开启后各测点温度有明显降低,最高降幅可达3℃,热误差随之也有明显降低趋势,最高降幅达6μm。

To study the influence of ambient temperature variation on the thermal error of a slitting automatic lathe,this paper takes an RTS20 Swiss-type slitting automatic lathe as the test carrier,and carries out the thermal error test of constant spindle speed(5000 rpm)variable ambient temperature and variable spindle speed(0~8000 rpm)variable ambient temperature using the ambient temperature variation error(ETVE)test device,to study and analyze the influence of ambient temperature on the thermal error.The effect of ambient temperature on thermal error was studied and analyzed.The results show that:under the same spindle speed,the ambient temperature change affects the temperature rise of each part of the lathe structure,which in turn affects the thermal error;under the random spindle speed,the temperature rise of the spindle bearings and other temperature measurement points is affected by the speed change,and the growth of thermal error has the same change cycle as the temperature of the key measurement points,but it does not have the same trend of change,i.e.,when the temperature rises quickly,the thermal error does not necessarily also grow positively;the temperature of each measurement point has a significant decrease after air conditioning is turned on;the temperature of each measurement point has a significant decrease after air conditioning is turned on.After the air conditioning is turned on,the temperature of each measuring point is significantly reduced,the maximum drop is up to 3℃,and the thermal error also has a significant reduction trend,the maximum drop is up to 6μm.