从稗趣到学养:日本近代汉学家幸田露伴的中国小说情结

Taste or Scholarship:Research on Modern Japanese Sinologist Koda Rohan's Chinese Novel Complex

日本文人对稗官小说的趣味由来已久,早在江户时期便有曲亭马琴以“忠义”品鉴《水浒传》。日本近代汉学引西学评小说,崇写实抑劝惩、重学养轻趣味。幸田露伴虽曾短暂执教于日本近代汉学的重镇京都大学,但无论对《水浒传》道德意味的解读,还是对传统文人雅趣的坚守,均异于学术潮流;反而更似近年来重写小说史的“预流”,体现了近代日本汉学更为立体的面向。

Japanese literati's taste in Chinese vernacular novels has a long history.As early as the Edo period,Kyokutei Bakin appraised Water Margin as having “loyalty and righteousness”.Modern Sinologists,however,drew inspiration from Western literary concepts to evaluate traditional Chinese novels.They valued realism over persuasion and punishment,and admired scholarship more than enjoyment.Although Koda Rohan briefly taught at Kyoto University,an important center of modern Japanese Sinology,his interpretation of the moral significance of Water Margin and his adherence to traditional literati elegance are different from his contemporary academic trends.Instead,he was more like a pioneer of those scholars in recent years who want to rewrite the history of Chinese novels,which reflects the more three-dimensional perspective of modern Japanese Sinology.