无保护会阴接生法与传统会阴保护接生法在阴道自然分娩产妇中的应用效果比较

Comparison of application effects of unprotected perineal delivery and traditional perineal protection delivery in women with spontaneous vaginal delivery

目的:比较无保护会阴接生法与传统会阴保护接生法在阴道自然分娩产妇中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年4月至2023年4月该院收治的280例阴道自然分娩产妇进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=140)和观察组(n=140)。对照组采用传统会阴保护接生法,观察组采用无保护会阴接生法。比较两组产程、产后出血量、住院时间,会阴损伤率、产后尿潴留发生率、产后不同时间疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]评分和产妇满意度。结果:两组第一、第二、第三产程比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组产后出血量少于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组会阴侧切率、会阴裂伤率、会阴水肿率、产后尿潴留发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);产后当天、产后48 h、出院当天,观察组VAS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组产妇满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无保护会阴接生法应用于阴道自然分娩产妇可提高产妇满意度,减少产后出血量,缩短住院时间,降低会阴损伤率、产后尿潴留发生率和产后疼痛程度评分,其效果优于传统会阴保护接生法。

Objective:To compare application effects of unprotected perineal delivery and traditional perineal protection delivery in women with spontaneous vaginal delivery.Methods:280 cases of spontaneous vaginal delivery in this hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected for the prospective study.They were divided into control group(n=140) and observation group(n=140) by using the random number table method.The control group was treated with traditional perineal protection delivery method,while the observation group was treated with unprotected perineal delivery method.The duration of labor,the postpartum hemorrhage volume,the hospitalization time,the perineal injury rate,the incidence of postpartum urinary retention,the pain degree at different time after delivery [visual pain simulation score(VAS)] score,and the maternal satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the time of the first stage of labor,the second stage of labor and the third stage of labor between the two groups(P>0.05).The postpartum hemorrhage volume in the observation group was less than that in the control group,the hospitalization time was shorter than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The episiotomy rate,the perineal laceration rate,the perineal edema rate and the postpartum urinary retention rate in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).On the day of delivery,48 hours after delivery and the day of discharge,the VAS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Further,the maternal satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The unprotected perineal delivery method in spontaneous vaginal delivery can improve the maternal satisfaction,reduce the postpartum hemorrhage volume,shorten the hospitalization time,reduce the perineal injury rate,the postpartum urinary retention rate and the postpartum pain scores.Moreover,it is superior to the traditional perineal protection delivery method.