社区养老服务的可及性差异:基于“制度-网络-文化”整合性框架的实证分析

The Discrepancies in Access to Community Elderly Care Service:An Empirical Analysis Based on an Integrated Framework of Institutions Networks and Culture

可及性是中国式现代化公共服务体系建设的本质要求之一。基于制度主义的供给有效性假说,本文带回可及性的“用户视角”并引入社会网络、文化传统等因素,构建社区养老服务可及性差异的“制度-网络-文化”整合性框架。实证研究发现:政府供给有效性促进个体可及性,即社区站点的供给水平、个体层面的供需匹配显著正向影响社区养老服务可及性;社会网络的合作生产与社区养老服务站存在社交服务的“替代效应”,因此社交需求较高群体的社会网络削弱了供需匹配对可及性的影响;根植文化传统的养老责任、供给方式等福利态度具有“促进效应”,增强了供给水平对可及性的影响,但不调节供需匹配对可及性的影响,即面对现实之需时价值驱动让位于理性选择。本文试图揭示从“政府供给”转到“个体可及”的机制,拓展公共服务理论研究和政策体系。

Why are there significant disparities in the access to community elderly care services among different populations when the provision is adequate? This article explores the collective impact of service delivery system,social networks,and culture on the access to community elderly care services.We find both the quantity of community elderly care services and the alignment between supply and demand positively influence access.Interestingly,among elderly individuals with higher social interaction needs,social networks weaken the impact of supply-demand matching on access due to co-production within these networks substituting for the social interaction function of community elderly care services.Culture shapes welfare attitudes related to responsibility allocation and provision modes,enhancing the effect of supply quantity on access,but not moderating the relationship between supply-demand matching and access.