40种农药对家蚕的急性毒性与安全性评价

Acute Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of 40 Pesticides on Silkworms

测定和评价了除草剂、植物生长调节剂、杀软体动物剂、杀鼠剂等40种农药对家蚕的急性毒性和风险性等级。试验结果表明:26种除草剂中,200 g/L敌草快水剂对家蚕3龄起蚕的致死中浓度为193.14 mg/L,急性毒性中等,对家蚕具有极高风险性,残毒期约为3 d;38%莠去津悬浮剂对家蚕低毒,但具有高风险性,在桑叶上的残毒期超过30 d;其余24种除草剂对家蚕低毒,其中3种除草剂为中等风险性、21种除草剂为低风险性;9种植物生长调节剂、3种杀鼠剂、2种杀软体动物剂对家蚕均为低毒、低风险性;0.005%溴敌隆饵剂等3种杀鼠剂在蚕室内应规范使用,避免药剂接触桑叶。

The acute toxicity and risk levels of 40 pesticides,including herbicides,plant growth regulators,molluscicides,and rodenticides,on silkworms were measured and evaluated.The experimental results showed that among the 26 herbicides,the LC50 of 200 g/L Diquat fast water agent on the third instar silkworms was 193.14 mg/L,with moderate acute toxicity and extremely high risk to silkworms.The residual toxicity period was about 3 days;38%Atrazine suspension has low toxicity to silkworms,but has high risk,with a residual toxicity period of over 30 days on mulberry leaves;The remaining 24 herbicides have low toxicity to silkworms,with 3 herbicides being of medium risk and 21 herbicides being of low risk;9 plant growth regulators,3 rodenticides,and 2 molluscicides are all low toxic and low-risk to silkworms;Three rodenticides,including 0.005%bromadiolone bait,should be used in a silkworm room in a standardized manner to avoid contact with mulberry leaves.