轨道交通列车新一代健康管理系统架构研究

Research on the new generation framework of PHM systems for railway trains

科学维护运营车辆、保障列车运行安全一直以来都是轨道交通领域的核心问题。近年来,随着列车预测性维修和无人驾驶等重大需求的提出,迫切需要实现全息状态感知、精细诊断预测、及时反馈处置的列车健康管理功能。现有系统架构存在着感知低效、融合深度不足、模型优化动态差、计算协同弱、自主化决策水平低等问题,先进的物联网、大数据、人工智能、数字孪生等技术的发展,推动了列车健康管理系统架构向更高水平智能化演进。文章对列车健康管理系统技术发展阶段进行了梳理划分,在此基础上提出了基于泛在感知与协同计算的轨道交通列车健康管理系统4.0架构,详细阐述了其内涵概念、系统架构和关键技术,归纳出泛在感知、协同计算与健康管理深度融合的解决途径、技术手段和预期效果,明确了现阶段技术攻关的主要方向,进而支撑列车安全保障和运维品质的提升。

Scientific maintenance of operating vehicles and ensuring the safety of train operations have always been the core issues in the field of rail transit.In recent years,with the major demands of predictive maintenance and unmanned driving,there is an urgent need to realize the PHM(prognostics and health management)functions of holographic state perception,elaborate diagnosis and prediction,and timely feedback and disposal for railway trains.The existing system frameworks suffer from perception inefficiency,insufficient fusion,poor model optimization dynamics,weak computational synergy,and low levels of autonomous decision-making,etc.The development of advanced IoT,big data,artificial intelligence,digital twins,and other technologies has pushed the PHM system frameworks of railway trains to evolve to a higher level of intelligence.In this paper,the technical development stage of PHM systems of railway trains is reviewed and categorized.Furthermore,the PHM 4.0 framework for railway systems,which leverages ubiquitous sensing and collaborative computing,has been introduced.This framework is described in detail,elucidating its foundational principles,system structure,and key technologies.The paper also outlines the approaches,techniques,and anticipated outcomes associated with the deep integration of ubiquitous sensing,collaborative computing,and health management.Additionally,it clarifies the primary focus of current technological research,supporting enhanced safety and maintenance quality in railway operations.