优化施肥对水稻养分吸收及土壤肥力变化的影响

The Impact of Optimal Fertilization on Nutrient Absorption and Soil Fertility in Rice Cultivation

为探究不同施肥处理对水稻产量及养分含量的影响,以及肥料三要素的利用现状,物化测土配方施肥技术。本文于2021年在广宁县宾亨镇妙村开展化肥减量增效田间肥效试验。研究结果表明,在水稻肥料利用率试验中,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理较N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理产量增加,养分含量及累积量有所提高。本试验水稻氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为40.29%、36.79%、58.65%。本试验开展前后土壤碱解氮肥力等级变化由高到低,土壤有效磷肥力等级变化由高到极高,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P0K_(2)处理土壤速效钾肥力等级保持为高,N0P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K0处理土壤速效钾肥力等级变化由高到中。通过测土配方施肥技术,可以实现土壤释放、肥料供应与作物吸收养分相平衡,促进化肥减量增效,提高肥料利用率,实现节支增收。

In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on rice yield and nutrient content,as well as the utilization status of the three elements of fertilizer,the formula fertilization technology of geochemical soil testing was investigated.In 2021,this paper carried out a field fertilizer efficiency experiment on fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in Miao Village,Binheng Town,Guangning County.The results show that in the rice fertilizer utilization experiment,the yield of N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) treatment increased compared with N0P_(2)K_(2),N_(2)P0K_(2) and N2P2K0 treatment,and the nutrient content and accumulation amount increased.The utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in this test were 40.29%,36.79%and 58.65%,respectively.Before and after this experiment,the soil alkaline nitrogen fertility level changed from high to low,the soil available phosphorus fertility level changed from high to extremely high,the soil available potassium fertility grade in N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) and N_(2)P0K_(2) treatments remained high,and the soil available potassium fertility grade changed from high to medium in N0P_(2)K_(2) and N2P2K0 treatments.Through soil testing and formula fertilization technology,soil release,fertilizer supply and crop absorption and nutrient balance can be achieved,which can promote the reduction and efficiency of chemical fertilizers,improve fertilizer utilization rates,and achieve cost savings and income increases.