论都市农业在城乡一体化发展中的重要意义——以韩国都市农业为鉴

Urban agriculture's role in urban-rural integration:Lessons from Republic of Korea

都市农业的有效发展对于促进城乡经济、社会、文化等各类要素的相互渗透,提升城乡相互融合度,最终构建城乡一元的现代化结构有着重要意义。但由于我国都市农业实践时间相对较短且处于初级阶段,在制度、资金、技术等方面仍存在一定的短板,因此有必要借鉴其他国家都市农业推动城乡融合发展的有效经验,驱动我国城乡融合。本文基于对韩国的实地调研,梳理了韩国都市农业的发展历程与现状,分析总结了韩国都市农业促进城乡一体化的过程及效果。结合我国当前都市农业发展的现状与问题,为构建中国特色的城乡一体化提供了有益的参考。研究发现,我国下一步应加快都市农业法律立法并强化规划与引导,扩大都市农业体验渠道与宣传力度,深化城乡一体理念。同时,通过构建都市农业管理师制度来缓解新生代农民工的压力,进一步拓展都市农业的多元功能以推动城乡深度融合。此外,还应完善都市农业人才培养体系,建立国内外技术合作机制。另外,需要正视韩国都市农业面临的问题,合理规划和充分利用城市未利用的空地,科学分配有限资源以实现供需的“动态平衡”。此外,应充分发挥我国气候资源优势,因地制宜推动都市农业的发展,同时也需要提前准备城市居民适应农村生活的相关工作。

The effective development of urban agriculture is of great significance in promoting the interpenetration of urban and rural economic,social,and cultural factors,enhancing the degree of mutual integration between urban and rural areas,and ultimately building a modernized urban-rural structure.However,because the practice of urban agriculture in China is relatively short and in the primary stage,there are still some shortcomings in the system,capital,technology,and other aspects.Therefore,it is necessary to learn from the effective experience of urban agriculture in other countries in promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas so as to drive the integration of urban and rural areas in China.Based on field research in Republic of Korea,this paper combs through the development history and current situation of urban agriculture in Republic of Korea and analyzes and summarizes the current situation and problems of urban agriculture development in China,it provides a useful reference for building urban-rural integration with Chinese characteristics.The study finds that China should speed up the legal legislation on urban agriculture,strengthen the planning and guidance,expand the channels of urban agriculture experience and publicity,and deepen the concept of urban-rural integration.At the same time,the urban agriculture manager system should be set up to alleviate the pressure of the new generation of migrant workers,and the multiple functions of urban agriculture should be further expanded to promote the deep integration of urban and rural areas.In addition,it is necessary to improve the urban agriculture personnel training system and establish a mechanism for domestic and international technical cooperation.In addition,it is necessary to face the problems faced by urban agriculture in Republic of Korea,rationally plan and fully utilize unused vacant land in cities,and scientifically allocate limited resources to achieve a"dynamic balance"between supply and demand.In addition,the country's climatic resources should be fully utilized to promote the development of urban agriculture in accordance with local conditions,and preparations should be made in advance for the adaptation of urban dwellers to life in the countryside.