北极海空搜救合作模式对建构南海搜救合作体系的借鉴与启示

Lessons and Implications of the Arctic Air-Sea Search and Rescue Cooperation Model for Constructing a Search and Rescue Cooperation System in the South China Sea

南海作为重要的国际运输通道,面临日益增长的多元化海上安全威胁,搜救合作的制度化建构进程日益紧迫。北极海空搜救已经形成较为成熟的搜救合作机制,与其他半闭海水域海空搜救合作机制相比较,北极搜救模式经验借鉴更适用于南海。南海沿岸国需要考虑在“南海行为准则”磋商中加入区域性指导规范以夯实南海搜救合作法律基础,建立“南海合作理事会”以强化机构管理,建构海上搜救基金协同机制以保证基金供给稳定,辩证看待域外国家搜救参与以加强搜救效果。中国应当主动贡献中国力量,在搜救合作制度化建设中发挥南海区域大国的主导性作用。

As an important international transport corridor,the South China Sea is facing increasingly diversified maritime security threats,and the institutionalization of search and rescue cooperation is becoming more and more urgent.Arctic air-sea search and rescue has formed a relatively mature search and rescue cooperation mechanism.Compared with other air-sea search and rescue cooperation mechanisms in semi-closed waters,the experience of the Arctic search and rescue model is more applicable to the South China Sea.The coastal countries in the South China Sea need to consider adding regional guidelines to the consultations on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea to consolidate the legal basis for search and rescue cooperation in the South China Sea,establishing a“South China Sea Cooperation Council”to strengthen institutional management,building a coordination mechanism for maritime search and rescue funds to ensure the stability of fund supply,and critically viewing the participation of countries outside the region in search and rescue to enhance the effectiveness of search and rescue.China should take the initiative to contribute its own strength and play a leading role as a regional power in the South China Sea in the institutionalization of search and rescue cooperation.