东汉末年曹操、曹丕经略河西考论

Research on Cao Cao and Cao Pi’s Management of Hexi in Late Eastern Han Dynasty

东汉末年凉州爆发叛乱,中央难以平定。又逢董卓之乱颠覆东汉皇权,河西自此陷入纷乱局面。曹操控制献帝号令诸侯后,初以关东战事为重心,未遑西顾。仅对关陇河西采取拉拢羁縻之策,这些地区的实际控制权其实仍在诸地方势力之手。待曹操平定关东,降服关陇诸将,方着手经略河西。对待河西问题,曹操采取徐徐图之的蚕食策略,驻军金城、武威,坐观诸将争斗而缓收其利。曹丕掌权后,改变策略,分置凉州而遣刺史、太守意图将河西诸郡纳入中央政府统治,于是黄华、张进、麴演等作乱于河西酒泉、张掖、西平三郡,抗拒曹丕势力西进,曹丕使汉军西进戡乱。而敦煌郡倒向曹丕,出兵东迎太守,与曹丕东军夹击酒泉、张掖叛军,河西最终纳入曹丕掌控的东汉中央政府治下。

Rebellion broke out in Liangzhou at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,which was so powerful that the Eastern Han government could not pacify it.When Dong Zhuo’s rebellion overthrew the imperial power in the Eastern Han Dynasty,Hexi fell into a chaotic situation.After Cao Cao controlled Xian Di to order the vassals,he initially focused on the Kanto War and didn’t have time to pay attention to the northwest region.Only the Guanlong and Hexi areas are taken to win over the shackles,and the actual control of these areas is still in the hands of local forces.When Cao Cao pacified Guandong and surrendered the generals of Guanlong,he began to run Hexi.In dealing with the Hexi problem,Cao Cao adopted the strategy of nibbling slowly,stationed troops in Jincheng and Wuwei,sitting and watching the generals fight and slowly reaping their benefits.After Cao Pi came to power,he changed his strategy,separated Liangzhou and sent the secretariat and the satrap to bring the counties in Hexi into the central government’s rule,so Huang Hua,Zhang Jin and Qu Yan rebelled in Jiuquan,Zhangye and Xiping counties in Hexi,resisting Cao Pi’s forces to move westward,and Cao Pi made the Han army move westward to suppress the chaos.Dunhuang county fell to Cao Pi,sent troops to the east to meet the satrap,and attacked Jiuquan and Zhangye rebels with Cao Pi’s east army.Hexi was finally brought under the central government of the Eastern Han Dynasty controlled by Cao Pi.