我国南方地区水稻投入与产出、利润关系的解析——以江西省进贤县为例

Analysis of Relationship among Rice Input,Output and Profit in Southern China:A Case Study of Jinxian County,Jiangxi Province

于2023年采用田间地头访谈和调查问卷的方式,在江西省进贤县选取5个乡镇,调查了水稻生产中种子、化肥、农药、水电、改良剂、有机肥、机械等投入因素及产出情况,并通过回归拟合方法解析了水稻投入与产出、利润的关系。结果表明:当地93.1%的农民对水稻生产的投入总成本过高,95.1%的农民过量施用化肥且钾肥施用不足,超过80%的农民过量施用农药;过度投入的增产效果不明显,反而降低利润;相对于常规稻,杂交稻平均产出显著提高了21.1%,但杂交稻在早稻生产中的占比不足1/3;施用土壤改良剂石灰可以减少农药投入,从而提高利润33.4%,但仅有不到20%的农民施用石灰。基于上述研究结果,提出了相应的建议。

This study conducted a questionnaire survey in 5 towns in Jinxian County,Jiangxi Province in 2023 by field interviews,and investigated the input factors and output of rice planting such as seeds,fertilizers,pesticides,water and electricity,improvers,organic fertilizers,machinery,etc.Through regression fitting method,the relationship among rice input,output and profit was analyzed.The results show that about 93.1%of local farmers have excessive total input costs,and 95.1%of farmers overuse fertilizers and the fertilizer structure is unreasonable(insufficient potassium fertilizer).More than 80%of farmers overuse pesticides,and excessive input does not significantly increase yield,but reduces profits.Compared with conventional rice,hybrid rice increases yield by 21.1%,but hybrid rice accounts for less than 1/3 in early rice.The use of lime improvers may reduce pesticide input and increase profits by 33.4%,but less than 20%of farmers use lime.Based on the above research results,the corresponding suggestions are put forward.