出行特征视角下社区老年人日间照料中心配置研究

The Configuration Study of Community Day Care Centers for the Elderly from the Perspective of Travel Characteristics

社区养老设施是支持老年人实现“在地化养老”的重要环节,在未来的城市建设中将大量配置。文章聚焦社区老年人日间照料设施,以深圳市为例,通过走访调研,收集老年人使用设施的出行数据,并基于设施供需匹配水平及布局公平性,综合评价设施配置的现状。研究发现:第一,老年人日间照料设施配置落后于老年人口增长,且存在设施运营不佳等现实问题;第二,老年人使用社区日间照料设施出行,可接受的最大范围远大于设施的服务半径;第三,综合分析设施供需匹配情况及布局公平性评价,认为目前社区老年人日间照料设施配置处于供给不足且分配不均阶段。文章结合老年人使用设施的出行特征、设施供应能力与空间服务水平评价,从设施分级体系构建、设施15分钟生活圈配置优化和设施功能空间耦合三方面,提出促进设施配置优化的建议。

Community elderly care facilities are an important part of supporting'ageing in place'and will be widely incorporated in future urban development.This paper takes Shenzhen as an example,focusing on community day care facilities for the elderly,and uses data collected from facility visits and elderly travel surveys to evaluate the current situation of facility allocation based on the level of supply-demand matching and the fairness of the layout of facilities.The study found the following:Firstly,the allocation of day care facilities for the elderly is lagging behind the growth of the elderly population and there are practical problems such as poor facility operation.Secondly,the maximum acceptable range for the elderly to travel to community day care facilities far exceeds the service radius of the facilities.Thirdly,through a comprehensive analysis of the supply-demand matching and the fairness of the layout of the facilities,it is concluded that the allocation of community day care facilities for the elderly is unevenly distributed with a low supply level.Finally,by combining the current situation of facility construction and the evaluation results,the paper puts forward suggestions to promote the optimization of facility allocation in three aspects,namely,the construction of facility grading system,the optimization of 15-minute living circle allocation of facility and the spatial coupling of facility functions.