当代安全研究的反思主义路径:核心例论与知识评析

On Reflective Approach of Current Security Studies:Knowledge Appraisal for Key Theories

从学科发展角度看,当前安全研究面临理论与实践态势的背离难题,以及理论能动性、超越性不足等问题,有必要从知识社会学层面重新梳理和检视。对安全研究而言,反思主义视角能够提供新的理论拓展思路,纠正和改善目前由物质主义、理性主义、实证主义垄断导致的负面知识效应。反思主义安全观的创新意义体现在超越单一要素支配论,探索理念生成和主体能动基础上的安全建构关系,引出国际安全境况改善的可能性。其中,建构主义安全论、安全化理论通过提供宏观结构解释与中层过程设计,共同支撑起反思例论阵营的超越含义,在知识路径、知识逻辑、知识议程等方面扩展反思论题的解释可用度,为反思主义迈向主流地位作出关键贡献。通过对这两项核心例论的评议,有助于完善反思主义内在知识理路,明确其解释路径扩延与改进方向。

For disciplinary sense,the main problems of contemporary security studies include:gap between theory and practice,lacking theoretical creativity,and deficit for new vision.So it's necessary to refer to the sociology of knowledge perspective if we try to reorganize and examine the related knowledge progress.Specifically,the reflective approach provides a possible theoretical approach for contemporary security studies,helping researchers to walk out from the materialism-rationalism-positivism monopoly.The creative meaning of reflective approach for security studies includes:introducing something new beyond the single element explanation;exploring idealistic factors and the constructive relationship in between the subjective level;and discussing the adaptive nature of international security interaction based on critical theory and reflective thinking.Constructivism and securitization theory provide chief contribution for the mainstreaming process of reflective approach.They provide respectively a grand structural view versus a middle-range process design.These two theories share a common feature within reflective approach,while differ in specific approach,logic and agenda.This examination is useful for both knowledge improvement and explanatory expansion.