什么样的绿色创新模式产生城市高竞争力?——基于fsQCA的组态分析

What Kind of Green Innovation Mode Produces High Competitivenessin Cities? Configuration Analysis Based on fsQCA

绿色创新是实现区域经济提质增效的重要力量。如何推进绿色创新、提高城市绿色竞争力是创新领域有待回答的重要问题。整合交易成本理论、知识溢出理论与资源配置理论,采用QCA、NCA和PSM方法对254个地级及以上城市数据进行分析,从整体视角探究异质性环境政策、制度环境和集聚效应对城市绿色创新的联动效应,以及不同绿色创新路径是否均有利于城市绿色竞争力的提高。结果表明:单个前因条件并不构成高绿色创新产生的必要条件,也不构成高绿色创新产生的充分条件。异质性环境规制、制度环境和集聚效应联动匹配,形成了城市绿色创新的多样化组态形式,具有明显的“殊途同归”特点。具体表现为制度环境导向模式、命令控制导向模式、市场激励导向模式和政策组合导向模式。4种绿色创新模式对城市竞争力的影响存在显著的差异性,具有“殊途不同效”的特点,并且不同绿色创新模式对城市竞争力的影响具有滞后效应。研究结论从组态视角为城市开展绿色创新及提升竞争力提供了决策依据,弥补了传统定量分析对该问题解释的局限性,在一定程度上丰富了绿色创新理论。

Green innovation is an important force to improve the quality and efficiency of regional economy.How to promote green innovation and improve urban green competitiveness is an important issue to be answered in the field of innovation.This paper,integrating the transaction cost theory,the knowledge spillover theory,and the resource allocation theory,analyzes the data of 254 prefecture-level and above cities by using qualitative comparative analysis(QCA),non-compartmental analysis(NCA),and propensity score matching(PSM),and by exploring the linkage effect of heterogeneous environmental policies,institutional environment,and agglomeration effect on urban green innovation from the overall perspective,as well as whether different green innovation paths are conducive to the improvement of urban green competitiveness.The results show that a single antecedent does not constitute a necessary condition for the generation of high green innovation,nor does it constitute a sufficient condition for the generation of high green innovation. Heterogeneous environmental regulation, institutional environment, andagglomeration effect are linked and matched, forming a diversified configuration form of urban greeninnovation, with obvious characteristics of “different paths leading to the same destination”. It isembodied in the institutional environment-oriented model, the command-and-control oriented-model, themarket incentive-oriented model, and the policy combination-oriented model. There are significantdifferences in the impact of the four green innovation models on urban competitiveness, with thecharacteristics of “different ways leading to different effects”, and the impact of different green innovationmodes on urban competitiveness has a hysteretic effect. The research conclusion reached in this paperprovides a decision-making basis for cities to conduct green innovation and enhance competitiveness fromthe perspective of configuration, compensate for the limitations of traditional quantitative analysis on thisissue, and enriche the green innovation theory to a certain extent.