教师效能增值评价的美国经验与发展启示

The American Experience and Development Enlightenmenton the Value-Added Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness

教师效能增值评价是衡量教师影响其所教学生成绩的一种重要方法,是国内外研究者的关注焦点。美国是世界上最早开展教师效能评价的国家之一,通过对其发展历程的梳理,发现以下发展经验:不同增值模型会产生不同的评价结果;高效能的教师更有助于提高学生成绩;教师效能增值评价存在一定发展局限;联合使用其他方法综合评价教师效能。我国开展教师效能评价主要是为了改进教师教学和学生学习。基于此,为了促进我国教师效能评价发展,首先要厘清教师效能的内涵,熟练掌握增值评价的使用流程。然后,明晰增值评价的优缺点,联合课堂观察、学生评分和教师自评等方法评价教师效能,以确保结果有效性。同时,还需通过多方协作,助力教师效能增值评价的在地化探索。

The value-added assessment of teacher effectiveness is an important method to measure the impact of teachers on the achievement of students they teach,and it is the focus of researchers at home and abroad.The United States is one of the first country to carry out teacher effectiveness assessment in the world.Through the establishment of the development process of teacher effectiveness assessment in the United States,we find the following development experience:different value-added models will produce different assessment results;effective teachers are more conducive to improving student performance;there are certain development limitations in the value-added assessment of teacher effectiveness;combining other methods to comprehensively assess teacher effectiveness.The main purpose of teacher effectiveness assessment in China is to improve teachers teaching and students learning.Based on this,in order to promote the development of teacher effectiveness assessment in China,it is first necessary to clarify the connotation of teacher effectiveness and proficiently master the process of using value-added assessment.Then,clarify the advantages and disadvantages of value-added assessment,and assess teacher effectiveness through methods such as classroom observation,student rating,and teacher self-assessment to ensure the effectiveness of the results.At the same time,it is necessary to collaborate with multiple parties to assist in the localized exploration of teacher effectiveness value-added assessment.