肖恩·加拉格尔的生成主义教育思想探赜

Exploration on Shaun Gallagher’s Education Thoughts of Enactivism

加拉格尔主张将现象学融入实验设计,在语用和社会情景化的行动范围内研究自我,自我以多种最小的方面存在,因环境需要而表现出典型特征。学习以完全相同于理解的方式展开,以近代认识论为基础的教育表现为客观主义、完全控制等特征和目的,解释学的理解涉及熟悉性和差异性,学习是自我理解,依赖于开放性和质疑。生成认知强调脑—体—环境的动态耦合作用,反对侧重于以大脑为中心的计算和表征过程。认知通过在行动环境中的角色获得意义,身体运动可以支撑学习。以上主张为教育提供了人学、本体论、认识论基础和经验启示。

Gallagher advocates integrating phenomenology into experimental design and studying the self within the scope of pragmatic and social situational actions.The self exists in a variety of minimal aspects and shows typical characteristics due to the needs of the environment.Learning is carried out in the same way as understanding.Education based on modern epistemology is characterized by objectivism and complete control.The understanding of hermeneutics involves familiarity and difference.Learning is self-understanding and depends on openness and questioning.Enactive cognition emphasizes the dynamic coupling of brain-body-environment,and opposes the focus on the processes of brain-centered computing and representation.Cognition obtains meaning through its role in the action environment,and body movement can support learning.The above propositions provide the basis of humanistic theory,ontology,epistemology and experience enlightenment for education.