培养条件及外源添加物对香菇菌丝体及子实体镉含量的影响

Effects of culture conditions and exogenous additives on cadmium content in mycelia and fruiting body of Lentinula edodes

为探求抑制香菇镉富集的方法,开发镉污染防控技术,设置实验室菌丝培养和大棚袋式栽培2个阶段试验,分析培养条件及外源添加物对香菇菌丝及子实体中镉含量的影响。结果显示,在温度10~30℃范围内随着培养温度升高,菌丝镉含量呈现先上升后平稳的趋势;在pH 4~8范围内随着培养基pH值升高,菌丝镉含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;在含镉的液体培养基中分别添加5 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2)、KNO_(3)和Mg(NO_(3))_(2),发现Mg^(2+)能明显抑制菌丝对镉的富集;随着香菇子实体发育成熟,镉含量逐渐降低,不同部位镉含量呈现菌褶>菌盖>菌柄;在培养料中分别添加硫酸镁、硫酸锌、活性炭和沸石,发现添加50 mg/kg硫酸镁、60 mg/kg硝酸锌和2.5%活性炭,能使子实体镉含量下降42.8%、46.9%和50.3%。上述研究表明,培养条件和外源添加物对香菇菌丝体和子实体镉含量具有一定的影响,可通过外源添加物抑制香菇对镉的富集作用。

In order to explore the method of inhibiting cadmium enrichment of L.edodes and develop the technology of preventing and controlling cadmium pollution,in this paper,two methods of mycelium cul-ture in laboratory and bag culture in greenhouse were set up to analyze the effects of culture conditions and ex-ogenous additives on the content of cadmium in mycelia and fruiting body of L.edodes.The results showed that in the range of 10-30℃,with the increase of culture temperature,the cadmium content of mycelium in-creased first and then stabilized.In the range of pH 4-8,with the increase of the pH value of the medium,the cadmium content of mycelium first increased and then decreased.Mg^(2+)could significantly inhibit the enrich-ment of cadmium in mycelia when 5 mmol/L Ca(NO_(3))_(2),KNO_(3)and Mg(NOO_(3))_(2)were added to the liquid medi-um containing cadmium.As the fruiting bodies of L.edodes matured,cadmium content decreased gradually and the content of cadmium in different parts showed gill>cap>stipe.When magnesium sulfate,zinc sul-fate,activated carbon and zeolite were added,it was found that 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate,60 mg/kg zinc nitrate and 2.5%activated carbon could reduce the content of cadmium in fruiting body by 42.8%,46.9%and 50.3%.The above research showed that culture conditions and exogenous additives had certain effects on the cadmium content in L.edodes at mycelium stage and fruiting stage.The enrichment of cadmium in L.edodes could be inhibited by exogenous additives.