气候变化背景下城市园林受极端气候影响分析

Effects of extreme climate on urban gardens under background of climate changes

为探究全球气候变化背景下城市园林遭受极端气候的风险,利用1991-2020年中国国家气象站点逐日观测数据集和2020年中国城市绿地面积数据,基于百分位数方法和GIS空间分析技术,分析了中国主要城市园林受极端气候影响的程度。结果显示,受极端低温影响的高风险区域位于我国北部和高海拔地区;极端高温灾害高风险区域一般发生在城市化进程较快的东部城市;强降水高风险区域与我国降雨带分布基本一致,主要位于华中和华南地区,降水平均值均在30 mm以上;西藏日喀则和那曲市、我国北部及东部沿海地区为大风高风险区域;云贵高原、长江中下游、华北和东北部分区域的城市绿化容易受极端干旱气候影响。未来城市园林设计需要结合当地极端气候特点,改善树种种类和种植结构,提升风景园林等生态系统应对气候变化的适应能力。

The daily observation data set of the National Meteorological Station of China from 1991 to 2020 and the urban green space area data of China in 2020 were used to analyze the effects of extreme climate on major urban gardens in China with the percentile method and GIS spatial analysis technology to study the risks of urban gardens suffering from extreme climate under the background of global climate changes.The results showed that the high-risk areas affected by extreme low temperatures were located in the northern and high-altitude areas of China.High risk areas of extreme high temperature generally occurred in eastern cities with rapid urbanization.The high-risk areas of heavy precipitation were basically consistent with the distribution of rainfall belts in China,mainly located in central and southern China,with average precipitation of above 30 mm.Shigatse and Naqu in Tibet,and the northern and eastern coastal areas of China are high risk areas of gales.Urban green space in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,parts of North and Northeast China are vulnerable to extreme drought.Designing urban gardens in the future needs to combine the characteristics of local extreme climate,improve tree species and planting structures,and enhance the adaptability of ecological systems such as landscape architecture to climate changes.