香菇菌棒在架注水机的设计与试验

Design and test of water injection machine for mushroom sticks on rack

针对香菇菌棒在出菇环节需要多次对多层菌架上的菌棒逐一进行补水操作时传统人工补水劳动强度大、效率低且无法精准控制注水量的问题,设计了一种香菇菌棒在架注水机,该机主要由夹持装置、注水装置、升降装置、旋转装置、驱动装置和定位装置六部分组成,由夹持装置和注水装置组成注水单元,一次可同时完成3层共15个菌棒的夹持注水工作,在升降装置带动下实现多层菌棒的补水作业,再通过旋转装置完成另一侧菌架的菌棒在架补水作业。理论计算结果显示,夹持装置的最大加持力F_(jmax)为4 750 N,注水装置的最小推力F_(tmin)为2 455 N,旋转装置需先加速2 s后再匀速旋转3.5 s。样机试验结果显示,补水后菌棒的破损率为0,平均质量比为84.8%,平均工作效率为230个/h。

It is necessary to replenish water one by one for the mushroom sticks on the multi-layer mushroom rack during the process of mushroom production.A water injection machine for mushroom sticks on rack mainly composed of six parts including a clamping device,a water injection device,a lifting device,a rotating device,a driving device,and a positioning device was designed to solve the problems of high labor intensity,low efficiency,and inability to accurately control the amount of water injected by traditional manual water replenishment.The water injection unit is composed of a clamping device and a water injection device,the clamping and water injection for a total of 15 mushroom sticks on three layers can be completed simultaneously,and the water replenishing operation of multi-layer mushroom sticks can be realized under the driving of the lifting device.The water replenishing operation of the mushroom rack on the other side can be completed by the rotating device.According to theoretical calculation,the maximum holding force F_(jmax) of the clamping device is 4750 N,and the minimum thrust F_(tmin) of the water injection device is 2455 N.The rotating device needs to accelerate for 2 s before rotating at a uniform speed for 3.5 s.According to the structural design and theoretical calculation,this article developed a prototype of a water injection machine for mushroom sticks on rack,and conducted a prototype test.The results showed that the damage rate of the mushroom sticks after water replenishment was 0,with the average weight ratio of 84.8%and the average working efficiency of 230 pieces/h.The water injection machine adopts the method of replenishing water with mushroom sticks on rack,which improves the working efficiency and meets the requirements of replenishing water for mushroom sticks.It will provide a theoretical basis for the development of the water injection machine for mushroom sticks on rack.