康德“哥白尼革命”对休谟问题的回应

Kant's"Copernican Revolution"as a Response to Hume's Question

休谟问题是哲学的一个基本问题,康德认为所谓的休谟问题就是休谟对因果性的怀疑论.休谟对康德哲学影响重大,在某种程度上甚至可以说康德哲学是为了回应休谟问题而展开的.休谟以因果关系为切入点来否定理性在构建普遍必然性知识上所起的作用,使形而上学陷入了困境,同时休谟将科学知识的因果必然性归结为习惯性的联想,直接动摇了自然科学的根基.康德为了给形而上学找到新的出路,挽救自然科学的危机,通过“哥白尼革命”对休谟问题进行了回应.

The Humean problem is a fundamental problem in philosophy,and Kant considered the socalled Humean problem to be Hume's skepticism about causality.Hume's influence on Kant's philosophy was significant,and to some extent it can even be said that Kant's philosophy was developed in response to the Humean problem.Hume's use of causality as an entry point to deny the role of reason in constructing knowledge of universal necessity put metaphysics in a difficult position,while Hume's attribution of causal necessity to scientific knowledge to habitual associations directly shook the foundations of natural science.In order to find a new way out for metaphysics and save the crisis of natural science,Kant responded to Hume's question through the "Copernican Revolution".