不同复合菌剂对废弃采石场土壤的改良效应研究

Evaluation of soil improvement effect of different composite microbial agents on abandoned quarry

历史遗留采石场土壤存在养分不足和生物活性低的问题.为加快矿区土壤生态重建,明确复合菌剂对土壤的改良效果,丰富受损裸地的生态修复理论.本研究选择以有机肥和天然稻壳为基肥,以胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus,BM)、细黄链霉菌(Streptomyces microflavus,SM)和里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei,TR)作为土壤改良菌剂,设置T0(基肥)、T1(基肥+BM+SM)、T2(基肥+BM+TR)、T3(基肥+SM+TR)和T4(基肥+BM+SM+TR)等5种配施方案,以采石场原状土为对照(CK),进行室内土壤培养试验,测定试验土壤pH、电导率、有机质、速效养分、酶活性以及微生物数量等14个指标,采用综合指数法(Soil Quality Index, SQI)对土壤质量进行综合评价,以探讨不同处理对采石场土壤的改良效果.结果表明:(1)经基肥和复合菌剂处理后,土壤酸性减弱,电导率提高了24.07%~64.50%,有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提升了52.96%~82.48%、761.67%~846.10%、1211.81%~2115.67%和69.73%~111.14%;土壤微生物总量是对照的1.99~36.87倍,土壤酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);(2)不同处理SQI大小顺序为T4>T2>T3>T1>T0>CK,T4处理的土壤质量综合指数最高,为0.854,土壤改良效果最佳.基肥、复合菌剂能降低土壤酸性,提高土壤养分含量和生物活性,改善土壤质量,为植被生长提供保障,且基肥和复合菌剂的混合施用较单施基肥的土壤改良效应更加明显.

Soil in the historical abandoned quarry is nutrient deficient and with low bioactivity.The purpose of this study is to speed up the ecological reconstruction of soil in mining area,make clear the improvement effect of composite microbial agent on soil,and enrich the theory of ecological restoration of damaged bare land.Organic fertilizer and natural rice husk were used as the base fertilize in this study.Bacillus mucilaginosus(BM),Streptomyces microflavus(SM)and Trichoderma reesei(TR)were as the soil ameliorating bacterial agents.Indoor soil incubation tests were conducted.Five treatments were set including T0(base fertilizer),T1(base fertilizer+BM+SM),T2(base fertilizer+BM+TR),T3(base fertilizer+SM+TR)and T4(base fertilizer+BM+SM+TR),and the original quarry soil was used as control(CK),14 indicators such as pH,conductivity,organic matter,available nutrients,the enzyme activity and microbial quantity were measured and the soil quality index(SQI)was used to evaluate soil quality in order to explore the improvement effect of different composite of microbial agents on quarry soil.The results showed that:(1)After treated by base fertilizer and composite microbial agents,soil acidity decreased,electrical conductivity increased by 24.07%~64.50%;The contents of organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 52.96%~82.48%,761.67%~846.10%,1211.81%~2115.67%and 69.73%~111.14%,respectively.The total amount of soil microorganism was 1.99-36.87 fold higher than that of the control,and the soil enzyme activity increased significantly(P<0.05);(2)The SQI was in the order of T4>T2>T3>T1>T0>CK.The SQI of T4 treatment was the highest(0.854),and the soil improvement effect was the best.The application of base fertilizer and composite microbial agent can effectively reduce soil acidity,improve soil nutrient content and biological activity,improve soil quality,and provide guarantee for vegetation growth,which has obvious improvement advantages compared with single application of base fertilizer.