纳米碳/铝复合材料强韧化研究现状及展望

Current Status and Prospects of Research on Strengthening and Toughening of Nano Carbon/Aluminum Composite Materials

以碳纳米管、石墨烯为代表的超高性能纳米碳,具有优越的力、热、电等综合性能,是复合材料的理想增强体,以纳米碳为强化相少量加入到铝中,有望开发出高强、高模、低热膨胀的复合材料,并使复合材料保持轻质、易加工等特性,在航空、航天、国防等领域具有重大的应用前景,因而以纳米碳/铝为代表的新一代铝基复合材料备受关注。然而,碳纳米管等纳米碳易团聚,与铝等大多数金属并不浸润,且容易分布在晶界上诱导显著的晶粒细化,使得复合材料的强韧性等关键性能指标提升困难,或者使强度提高的同时使塑韧性下降显著,限制了其工程应用潜力。综述近年来国内外研究者在纳米碳/铝复合材料强韧化方面的策略和方法,包括纳米碳分散、界面和构型调控等,以期推动新一代轻质高强纳米碳/铝复合材料的发展,支撑国家未来重大工程应用。

Ultra-high performance nano carbon,represented by carbon nanotubes and graphene,has excellent comprehensive mechanical,thermal,and electrical properties and is an ideal reinforcement for composite materials.Adding a small amount of nano carbon as reinforcements to aluminum,is expected to develop composite materials with high strength,high modulus,and low thermal expansion,while maintaining the characteristics of lightweight and easy processing,and has significant application prospects in aviation,aerospace,national defense,and other fields.Therefore,the new generation of aluminum based composite materials represented by nano carbon/aluminum have attracted much attention.However,nano carbon are prone to agglomerate and do not infiltrate most metals such as aluminum,and they are easily distributed at grain boundaries to induce extreme grain refinement,making it difficult to improve key performance indicators such as strength and toughness of composite materials,or significantly reducing plasticity and toughness while increasing strength,greatly limiting their potential engineering applications.This article reviews the strategies and methods of domestic and foreign researchers in strengthening and toughening nano carbon/aluminum composites,including dispersion of nano carbon,regulation of interface and configuration etc.in recent years,with the aim of promoting the development of a new generation of lightweight and high-strength nano carbon/aluminum composites and supporting future major engineering applications in the country.